Nemateleotris helfrichi

Nemateleotris helfrichi, Helfrich's Dartfish, is a species of dartfish native to the Pacific Ocean.

Nemateleotris helfrichi

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Gobiiformes
Family: Gobiidae
Genus: Nemateleotris
Species:
N. helfrichi
Binomial name
Nemateleotris helfrichi

Description

They are small fishes that grow to a maximum length of 6 centimetres (2.4 in).[2] They have bright yellow head with purple forehead with purple and white shades on body.[3] They have 7 dorsal spines 28-31 dorsal soft rays and 1 anal spine 26-28 anal soft rays.[4]

Distribution and Habitat

They are present in the Pacific Ocean between latitudes 16°N and 28°S. Their range extends from Indonesia to Tuamotu Archipelago. They prefer deeper waters than other Nemateleotris. They are found swimming a few meters above the water bed. They are found at a depths between and are rarely found above 40 metres (130 ft).[4]

Diet

They are carnivorous. N. helfrichi mainly feed on zooplanktons, amphipods, copepods, small crustaceans and shrimp larvae.[5] They are said to lose their bright colour if their dietary requirements are not met.[6]

Behaviour

The species is monogamous and are usually found in pairs.[4][7] They are territorial and will fight with conspecifics unless they are a pair.[3][8][9] The species is shy and hides in small caves when threatened.[9]

In the aquarium

Due to their bright colour they are very popular as a marine aquarium fish. They are also more delicate and rare form than other more common firefish species (as evidenced by their price) and should be kept by marine-aquarists of intermediate expertise or higher.

Name

The specific name honours Philip Helfrich, an Emeritus Director and Researcher, Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology (University of Hawaii), and the director of the Eniwetok Marine Biological Laboratory, who collected some of the first specimens of this species.[10]

gollark: I've never heard of them.
gollark: You're just saying that because the DHMO companies pay you to promote it.
gollark: Well, yes, it occurs in nature, but that doesn't make it non-dangerous either.
gollark: Did you know that DHMO actually enables the growth of dangerous bacteria?
gollark: Sure, it's used in industry, but that doesn't make it not a dangerous chemical.

References
  1. Greenfield, D.; Munroe, T.A. (2016). "Nemateleotris helfrichi". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T69128541A69130393. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T69128541A69130393.en.
  2. Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994. Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Harper Collins Publishers, 400 p.
  3. Saltwater Aquarium Fish for Marine Aquariums: Firefish, Helfrichi
  4. Nemateleotris helfrichi, Helfrichs' dartfish : aquarium
  5. Helfrichi Firefish, Species Profile, Hobbyist Guide, Care Instructions, Feeding and more.
  6. Helfrich's Firefish, Helfrich's Dartfish - Nemateleotris helfrichi
  7. Whiteman, E.A. and I.M. Côté, 2004. Monogamy in marine fishes. Biol. Rev. 79:351-375.
  8. Tullock, John (2006). Saltwater Aquarium Models. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780470119471.
  9. FreshMarine.com - Helfrich's Firefish Goby - Nemateleotris helfrichi
  10. Christopher Scharpf; Kenneth J. Lazara (14 July 2018). "Order GOBIIFORMES: Family GOBIIDAE (i-p)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 17 August 2018.
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