Nathan Crawford Barnett

Nathan Crawford Barnett (June 28, 1801 - February 2, 1890) was a state legislator and long serving Secretary of State in the U.S. State of Georgia. He is remembered as the man who twice saved the Great Seal of the State of Georgia.

Nathan Crawford Barnett
The Great Seal of the State of Georgia
Georgia Secretary of State
In office 1843-1849 1851-1853 1861-1868 1873-1890
Member of the Georgia House of Representatives from the Clarke County district
In office 1836–1840
Personal details
Born	June 28. 1801 Columbia County, Georgia
Died	February 2, 1890 Milledgeville, Georgia
Military service
Allegiance	United States of America
Branch/service	Georgia Militia
Rank	Colonel

Early life

Barnett was born in Columbia County, Georgia in 1801 to William Barnett and Ann Crawford Barnett. His father died while Barnett was still quite young, and his widowed mother moved the family to Lexington in Oglethorpe County where he received his education at the Lexington Academy. Barnett married Margaret J. Morton of Clarke County and the couple established a home in Watkinsville, which was the county seat at that time.

Barnett engaged in planting and merchandising, and in 1832 he was elected Surveyor, and assisted in surveying the Cherokee Purchase in the area of present day Roswell, Georgia in preparation for the sixth state administrated land lottery.[1][2] It was during this time that he was also elected to the position of major in the Georgia Militia. He was subsequently promoted to the rank of colonel, and in that capacity assisted in the Cherokee Removal from Georgia.[3][4] Col. Barnett's first wife died in 1840, and he remarried shortly thereafter to Mary Ann Cooper.[4]

Political career

Georgia House of Representatives

In 1836 Col. Barnett was elected to the Georgia House of Representatives.[5] Of the legislative initiatives which he sponsored or supported, during this period, the most notable was one which authorized construction of the Western and Atlantic Railroad.[4] That government-owned railroad was established on December 21, 1836. The city of Atlanta was founded as the end of the W&A, with the terminus marked with the Atlanta Zero Mile Post. The line is still owned by the State of Georgia from Atlanta to CT Tower in Chattanooga. After two terms in the House, Barnett declined to run for re-election, after the illness and death of his first wife in 1840.[5]

Secretary of State

In 1843, Barnett was elected (by the Georgia State Senate) to the position of Georgia Secretary of State, a position he held for three terms until 1849. He was subsequently elected to another, single, term in 1851.[4] He was again elected to the position for the period 1861-1868,[6] but was removed by the Military Governor at the onset of the Reconstruction era. It is said that Barnett twice saved the Great Seal of the State of Georgia.[7] The first time was when Union troops under William Tecumseh Sherman were about to capture the State Capitol at Milledgeville. Barnett took the seal, and numerous official documents and Acts, and with the assistance of his wife Mary, buried them at his farm.[8][9][10] After Sherman's troops marched on, Barnett returned the seal and the documents to the state.[7] In 1866 Barnett again removed the Great Seal from the capitol. General Ruger, who was at that time acting as the Military Governor of Georgia, requested that Barnett affix the seal to an executive act, which Colonel Barnett could not approve. He refused to sanction the papers with the imprint of the seal and as a consequence was removed by General Ruger.[11] Colonel Barnett then took the seal with him to prevent it from falling into the hands of what was considered an illegitimate Carpetbagger government which occupied the state: so that it was never affixed to any of the documents of misrule which followed under the carpetbag government.[7][9] Since the seal was required, to certify official acts of the state government, the Reconstruction government fabricated a replacement. That replacement was identical in all respects except one. The soldier depicted on the replacement seal held his sword in the wrong hand.[12][13] The period of the Reconstruction government in Georgia is thus referred to as the "Period of the False Seal". The Great Seal and documents were buried on Barnett's farm, and remained hidden there until 1868, when a new state constitution was enacted and a new government installed.[11] After democrats regained control of state government, Barnett was again elected Secretary of State in 1873. Upon his return to office, both houses of the Legislature voted to present him with a replica of the Executive Seal, which replica is now in Savannah, Georgia, the property of the Georgia Historical Society.[13] Barnett continued to serve as Secretary of State until his death on 2 February 1890.[14] Toward the end of his more than 30 years of service as secretary of state under numerous administrations and into his late 80s, he was said to wear a row of three pairs of glasses. A portrait of Barnett hangs in the office of the Georgia Secretary of State to this day.[11]

Death and legacy

In his youth, Nathan Crawford Barnett was reported to be tall and thin, at 6'6" in height.[11] Only three of Nathan and Mary Barnett's eight children survived into adulthood. Barnett was remembered as a life-long Methodist.[7] The Georgia Capitol (relocated to Atlanta in 1868) was closed February 4, 1890, the day of Colonel Barnett's funeral, held at Milledgeville. The Central Railroad tendered free use of its cars for Colonel Barnett's family and members of the funeral party.[11] Mary A. Barnett died in Atlanta on January 11, 1902, at the age of 82. She was buried in Milledgeville.[15]

References

1. "Historic Markers Across Georgia - The Cherokee Nation". Latitude 34 North.com. Retrieved December 26, 2018.
2. Allen Daniel Candler; Clement Anselm Evans (1906). Georgia: Comprising Sketches of Counties, Towns, Events, Institutions, and Persons Arranged in Cyclopedic Form ... State historical association. pp. 129–130.
3. Clara Sue Kidwell. "The Effects of Removal on American Indian Tribes - Illustrated Credits". University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved December 26, 2018.
4. Henry Wilkes Jones Ham (1887). Representative Georgians: Biographical Sketches of Men Now in Public Life ... Morning News Print. pp. 25–26.
5. Ernest C. Hynds (1 August 2009). Antebellum Athens and Clarke County, Georgia. University of Georgia Press. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-8203-3446-2.
6. Georgia. General Assembly. Senate (1861). Journal ... p. 171–.
7. "Milledgville Obituary - New York Times article, and other sources". Retrieved December 26, 2018.
8. Lucian Lamar Knight (June 2006). Georgia's Landmarks, Memorials, and Legends: Volume 2, Part 1. Pelican Publishing. p. 96. ISBN 978-1-58980-000-7.
9. Anne Sarah Rubin (15 September 2014). Through the Heart of Dixie: Sherman's March and American Memory. University of North Carolina Press. pp. 59–60. ISBN 978-1-4696-1778-7.
10. Cathy J. Kaemmerlen (18 October 2006). General Sherman and the Georgia Belles: Tales from Women Left Behind. Arcadia Publishing Incorporated. pp. 46–47. ISBN 978-1-62584-444-6.
11. Willard Neal (1938–1939). "Mystery Picture Identified as Portrait of Col. Nathan Barnett" (PDF). Atlanta Journal-Constitution "Sunday Morning" Magazine. Retrieved December 26, 2018.CS1 maint: date format (link)
12. "History of Baldwin County Georgia by Mrs. Anna Maria Green Cook". Keys-Hearn Printing Co. 1925. Retrieved December 26, 2018.
13. Leola Selman Beeson (1943). "Histories of Milledgeville and Baldwin County (Georgia)". The J. W. Burke Company, Macon Georgia. pp. 81–82. Retrieved December 26, 2018.
14. Lucian Lamar Knight (1917). The period of expansion or Georgia in the process of growth, 1802-1857 (continued) ; The period of division or Georgia in the assertion of state rights, 1857-1872 ; The period of rehabilitation or Georgia's rise from the ashes of war, 1872-1916 ; Georgia miscellanies. Lewis Publishing Company. p. 963.
15. "Mrs. M.A. Barnett is Dead. Widow of Former Secretary of State N. C. Barnett Passes Away - Internment in Milledgeville". Atlanta Constitution. January 12, 1902. p. 7. Retrieved December 26, 2018.

External links

• Image of Georgia historical marker - Hiding Place of the Great Seal
• Nathan Crawford Barnett at Find a Grave
• List of Georgia's Secretaries of State