Munshi Mohammad Meherullah

Munshi Mohammad Meherullah (26 December 1861 – 1907) was a Muslim poet, religious leader and social reformer from Bengal.[1] He is best known for his oratory and writing on Islam and comparative religion and his efforts has been compared to Raja Ram Mohan Roy's defense of Hinduism against British colonialism and Christian proselytization.[2]

Munshi Mohammad Meherullah
Born	1861 Kaliganj, Jessore District, Bengal Presidency, British India (now Jhenaidah, Bangladesh)
Died	1907
Language	Bengali

Biography

Early life

Munshi Mohammad Meherullah was born to Munshi Mohammad Wares in Jessore District in 1861. He learnt Bengali at a local school until the time of his father's untimely death, when he was around 10 years old. He further continued his education under the guidance of Moulvi Ismail Sahib, with the financial help of his maternal family. He learned Arabic and Persian during these years. From another teacher, Munshi Moshabuddin, he learned Urdu. With his vast knowledge of languages and the Quran, he became not only an important figure in his local community but someone who could converse with members of elite households in Dhaka and Calcutta. The elite spoke and wrote in different languages, depending on where they resided and who they were. He was a polyglot, visionary and a channel for communication between these people of different socio-economic classes. Interestingly, along with everything else, M.M. Meherullah was a humble businessman too. After doing a government job for a short while, he got trained as a tailor and used his business not only to support his family but to stay in touch with his community.

Religious conversions

During his lifetime, Christian missionaries moved into disaster struck rural parts of Bengal and started conversion of Muslims with the promise of hospitals, food and education. The salvation that the missionaries provided, improved lives but at the cost of having to give up on one's beliefs.

Young Meherullah was initially attracted to Christianity, seeing the charitable efforts of the Missionaries.[3] M.A. Majid mentions this in Chotoder Munshi Mohammad Meher Ullah.According to Majid, Meherullah became a Christian, moved to Darjeeling and lived under the patronage of Christian missionaries. There, he studied not only the Bible but the books written by Muslim dais and decided to revert to Islam and shed light on the beauty of Islam to the people who were converted with misinformation used to vilify Islam .

Religious activism

Munshi Mohammad Meherullah, returned to Jessore District and with his re-converted disciple Munshi Jamiruddin, adopted oratory method known as bahas (disputation) and sought to refute Christian missionaries.[4][5] He was able to re-convert numerous Muslims who had been converted to Christianity. He established Madrasaye Karamatia and Islam Dharmottejika Sabha in 1889 at Manoharpur village in Jessore. He contributed regularly to Muslim newspapers like the Sudhakar and Islam Pracharak published from Kolkata.[1][3]

According to Kenneth W. Jones, no other Muslim preacher contributed to polemical literature in that period. It should be noted, while debating Christian missionaries, Meherullah did not vilify them. He called for intra- communal harmony.[3]

Also, among his other major contributions, he strived to teach the Muslim population not to adopt primitive ideas from their neighboring Hindu society, which was opposed to the remarriage of widows.

Notable works

Munshi Meherullah wrote at least 10 books between 1886 and 1908, which include[6]

• Isayee Ba Khristani Dhoka Bhanjan
• Khristiya Dharmer Asarata (The hollowness of the Christian religion, 1887),
• Bidhabagavjana O Bisadbhandar (Sufferings of Widows, 1894),
• Meherul Islam (1897);
• Hindu Dharma Rahasya O Devalila (1898, 2 editions)
• Mussalman O Christian Tarkayuddha (Muslim and Christian Debates, 1908; 2 editions).
• Rodde Khrishtian O Dlaliul Islam[3]
• Babu Ishanchandra Mandal and Charles French er Eslam Grahan (Embracing of Islam by Babu Ishanchandra Mandal and Charles French),
• Slokmala (Compilation of verses)

Death and evaluation

He died on 7 May 1907.[1] Professor Abdul Hai, remarked "Meherullah proved to be the Ram Mohan of the Muslims of Bengal — Ram Mohan saved the Hindus from being converted to Christianity in the early nineteenth century and Meherullah saved the Muslims from being proselytized to Christianity in the late Nineteenth century."[2][4]

He did not strive for fame, he worked to spread truth to a hungry, devastated population that was being blinded by missionaries.

E M School in Jessore was renamed as Munshi Meherulla Academy in his honor.

Meherullahnagar, A railway station in Jessore was named after him.

Bangladesh published a stamp of face value 2 taka in his honor in 1995.[7]

See also

• Shaikh Jamiruddin

References

1. Hussain, Mohsin (2012). "Meherullah, Munshi Mohammad". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
2. Abdul Hai, Muhammad; Ahsan, Syed Ali (2010). Bangla Sahityer Itibritto: Adhunik Jug (History of Bengali Literature: Modern Period) (11th Reprint ed.). Dhaka: Ahmed Publishing House. pp. 13 and 99.
3. Jones, Kenneth W. (1992). Religious Controversy in British India: Dialogues in South Asian Languages. SUNY Press. pp. 104–111. ISBN 978-0791408285. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
4. Kabir, Nurul (1 September 2013). "Colonialism, politics of language and partition of Bengal PART XVI". New Age. Dhaka. Archived from the original on 6 May 2016. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
5. Khan, Muhammad Mojlum (2013). The Muslim Heritage of Bengal. Kube Publishing Ltd. pp. 229–231. ISBN 978-1-84774-062-5.
6. Kabir, Nurul (1 September 2013). "Colonialism, politics of language and partition of Bengal PART XV". The New Age. Archived from the original on 6 May 2016. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
7. "BANGLADESH 1995 Commemorative Stamps". Stampedia. Retrieved 2 January 2015.