Muhammadu Ribadu

Muhammadu Ribadu (1909 – 1 May 1965) was a Nigerian politician, who was the first Minister of Defence after independence.[1][2] The son of a district head from Adamawa's Balala district, he was educated early on at a Koranic school before proceeding to the middle school at Yola.

Early life and education

Ribadu was born in the village of Ribadu, old Adamawa Province, the son of Ardo Hamza, District Head of Balala, and Adda Wuro, the daughter of Alkali Haman Joda from Yola.[3] He is the grandfather of Nigerian first lady Aisha Buhari. He started studies under the tutelage of Liman Yahaya, an Islamic scholar.[4] He then attended Yola Middle School from 1920 to 1926. While in Yola, he received private tutorship under a colonial officer. Afterwards, he was a teacher at his alma mater, Yola middle school. He was made a treasurer at the Yola Native Authority in 1931. On the death of his father in October 1936, Ribadu became the district head of Balala.[5] In 1946, he proceeded abroad on a scholarship from the British Council to study local government. Like a few of his colleagues who partook in the scholarship, after his return, he became interested in the nation's political process, he was appointed a member of the Northern House of Assembly in 1947 and was re-elected in 1951. In 1948, he served in the Hugh Foot committee of the Nigerianisation of senior posts in the civil service.[6] A year later, he was a member of the Nigerian Board of Agriculture and he also served in the Northern Regional Development Loans Board. In 1950, he was a delegate to the Constitutional Review Conference in Ibadan. According to the British District Officer in Adamawa Province in the late 1930s and 1940s, Ribadu had been a notorious cattle-rustler, heading a 'gang of cut throats' who stole cattle and sold them in the French Cameroons.[7]

Political career

In 1952, he was made Minister for Natural Resources as part of an indigenous Council of Ministers. In 1954, he was elected the second Vice-President of NPC and became literally, the third Northern Nigerian leader behind Ahmadu Bello, NPC's president and Tafawa Balewa, NPC's First Vice President. He was federal Minister of Land, Mines and Power in 1954, and in 1959, he was federal Minister of Land and Lagos Affairs. In 1960, he was appointed the Nigerian Minister of Defense. In the 1960s, he was described by diplomats in Lagos as 'the most sinister figure in Nigerian politics ... a cattle thief elevated into a public brigand'.[8]

Defense minister

Ribadu took over the Ministry of Defense as the country became independent in 1960. His administration oversaw an increase in the numerical strength of the armed forces, an upgrade of military hardware, the development of the infant Navy and the establishment of a Nigerian Air Force. He also built and renovated military barracks across the country.[9] His colleagues often refer to him as "power of powers". He completed the Nigerianisation of the Nigerian Army. He is credited as one of the most outstanding Defence Ministers Nigeria ever had. On 1 May 1965, he was to be honoured along with the then Prime Minister, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa (1912–66) by the then Premier of Northern Nigeria, Sir Ahmadu Bello (1909–66) with gold medals of the Usmamiya order in Kaduna. He died on the morning of that day at the age of 55.

No doubt, Alhaji Ribadu was a towering figure. A giant among men. In Lagos he acted as deputy Prime Minister in all but name - with considerably more authority than Abubakar due to his stronger following in the Northern Region. Many also suspected that he was blackmailing the Sardauna - claiming that he 'possessed proof which he would use if necessary to show that the Sardauna's devotion to Islam was a sham' - and was thus able to exercise significant influence over the premier.[10] While serving as Minister of Defence, Ribadu presided over a rapid expansion of the Nigerian Army, Navy as well as the creation of the Nigeria Air Force. He established the Defence Industries Corporation in Kaduna, the Nigerian Defence Academy in Kaduna and a Second Recce Squadron in Abeokuta. Many scholars and historians believe till today that if Alhaji Ribadu had been alive the 15 January 1966 military coup could not have taken place. That he would have prevented it and that the first republic in spite of all incidents would have survived. And that we would not have been in this mess today.[11][12]

Ribadu's official residence was later part of the Dodan Barracks, the official residence of Nigerian military rulers from 1967 to 1991.

References

1. Raph Uwechue (1991). Makers of Modern Africa Know Africa. Africa Journal Limited (University of Michigan). p. 653.
2. James Ohwofasa Akpeninor (2013). Merger Politics of Nigeria and Surge of Sectarian Violence. AuthorHouse. p. 339. ISBN 9781467881722.
3. Abba, Isa Alkali (1989). Mahmudu Ribadu : a statesman and Nigeria's first Minister of Defence. Kaduna: Arewa House, Centre for Research and Historical Documentation, Ahmadu Bello University. p. 12. ISBN 9783077902.
4. Abba. P. 13
5. Abba. P. 17
6. Abba. P. 39
7. Detailed in telegram from H.V. Britten (Deputy High Commission, Laduna, to Lagos, 25 August 1964, United Kingdom National Archives, DO 186/6
8. Lagos Despatch No.20, High Commissioner to Secretary of State, Commonwealth Relations, 5 December 1964, UK National Archives, DO 195/281
9. Abba. P. 45
10. 'Note on a Visit to Northern Nigeria', in Ewan to V.C. Martin (Commonwealth Relations Office, London), 21 August 1964, UK National Archives, DO 195/280.
11. Rosalynde Ainslie; Catherine Hoskyns; Ronald Segal; Frederick A. Praeger (1961). Political Africa: A Who's Who of Personalities and Parties.
12. Sidi.H Ali. Power of Powers: A Biography of the Late Alhaji Muh. Ribadu.