Miriam Rothschild

Dame Miriam Louisa Rothschild DBE FRS (5 August 1908 – 20 January 2005[1]) was a British natural scientist and author with contributions to zoology, entomology, and botany.

Dame

Miriam Rothschild

DBE FRS
Born
Miriam Louisa Rothschild

(1908-08-05)5 August 1908
Ashton, Northamptonshire, England
Died20 January 2005(2005-01-20) (aged 96)
Oundle, Northamptonshire
NationalityBritish
Known forResearch on fleas
Spouse(s)
George Henry Lane
​
(
m. 1943⁠–⁠1957)
Children6
AwardsH. H. Bloomer Award (1968)
Scientific career
FieldsEntomology, botany

Early life

Miriam Rothschild was born in 1908 in Ashton Wold, near Oundle in Northamptonshire, the daughter of Charles Rothschild of the Rothschild family of Jewish bankers and Rózsika Edle Rothschild (née von Wertheimstein), a Hungarian sportswoman, of Austrian Jewish descent.[2] Her brother was Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild and one of her sisters (Kathleen Annie) Pannonica Rothschild (Baroness Nica de Koenigswarter) would later be a bebop jazz enthusiast and patroness of Thelonious Monk and Charlie Parker.

Her father had described about 500 new species of flea, and her uncle Lionel Walter Rothschild had built a private natural history museum at Tring. By the age of four she had started collecting ladybird beetles and caterpillars and taking a tame quail to bed with her. World War I broke on the eve of Miriam's sixth birthday in 1914, while the Rothschilds were holidaying in Austro-Hungary. They hurried home on the first westward train but, unable to pay, had to borrow money from a Hungarian passenger who commented "This is the proudest moment of my life. Never did I think that I should be asked to lend money to a Rothschild!" Her father died when she was 15 and she became closer to her uncle. She was educated at home until the age of 17, when she demanded to go to school. She thence attended evening classes in zoology at Chelsea College of Science and Technology and classes during the day in literature at Bedford College, London.[3]

1930s–1940s

During the 1930s she made a name for herself at the Marine Biological Station in Plymouth, studying the mollusc Nucula and its trematode parasites (Rothschild 1936, 1938a, 1938b). Because of her inherited wealth, she never had to apply for any grants or funding. As a result of this and her lack of formal education—all her doctorates were honorary—she would always be an "amateur".

Prior to World War II, she pressed the UK Government to admit more German Jews as refugees from Nazi Germany. During the war, she worked at Bletchley Park on codebreaking.[4]

Personal life

In 1943, she married Captain George Lane, MC,[5] a WW2 commando, who was a non-practicing Hungarian Jew whose surname had been changed from Lanyi for security reasons.[6] They had seven children, four of whom survived to adulthood.[6] The marriage was dissolved in 1957 and in 1963 Lane married Elizabeth Heald, daughter of Sir Lionel Heald.[6]

Science and entomology
Clay bust of Dame Miriam Rothschild, by Marcus Cornish (2003), at the Royal Society, London

Rothschild was a leading authority on fleas. She was the first person to work out the flea's jumping mechanism. She also studied the flea's reproductive cycle and linked this, in rabbits, to the hormonal changes within the host. Her New Naturalist book on parasitism (Fleas, Flukes and Cuckoos) was a huge success. Its title can be explained as: external parasites (e.g. fleas), internal parasites (e.g. flukes) and others (the cuckoo is a 'brood parasite'). The Rothschild Collection of Fleas (founded by Charles Rothschild) is now part of the Natural History Museum collection, and her catalogue of the collection (in collaboration with G. H. E. Hopkins) is a master-work.

Rothschild was a member of the Oxford genetics school during the 1960s, where she met the ecological geneticist E.B. Ford. She was one of the few women with whom Ford was on good terms and she campaigned with Ford for the legalisation of homosexuality.[7]

Rothschild authored books about her father (Rothschild's Reserves – time and fragile nature) and her uncle (Dear Lord Rothschild). She wrote about 350 papers on entomology, zoology and other subjects.

Funding for schizophrenia research and art therapy

Rothschild founded the 'Schizophrenia Research Fund' in 1962, an independent registered charity formed “to advance the better understanding, prevention, treatment and cure of all forms of mental illness and in particular of the illness known as Schizophrenia”. In March 2006, following her death, the name of the Fund was changed in her memory to the 'Miriam Rothschild Schizophrenia Research Fund'.[8] The pioneer of British Art Therapy, Edward Adamson and his partner and collaborator, John Timlin, were regular visitors to Ashton Wold.[9] Between 1983 and 1997, the influential Adamson Collection of 6000 paintings, drawings, sculptures and ceramics by people living with major mental disorder at Netherne Hospital, created with Adamson's encouragement in his progressive art studios at the hospital, was housed and displayed to the public in a medieval barn at Ashton. Rothschild was both a Trustee and, subsequently, Patron of the Adamson Collection Trust.[10] "All my life," she said, "I have tilted against hopeless windmills".[11] The Adamson Collection is now almost all re-located to the Wellcome Library. All Adamson's papers, correspondence, photographs and other material are currently being organised as the 'Edward Adamson Archive', also at the Wellcome Library.

Awards/honours

Rothschild was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1985 and was made a Dame in 2000. In 1973 she was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[12] She received honorary doctorates from eight universities, including Oxford and Cambridge. She gave the Romanes Lecture for 1984–5 in Oxford.

In 1986 the John Galway Foster Human Rights Trust was established; in 2006 the name of the trust was expanded to The Miriam Rothschild & John Foster Human Rights Trust. This funds an annual lecture on human rights.

Quote
Appearing on television programme After Dark in 1988

* "I must say, I find everything interesting."[4]

Works

Books
  • Rothschild, Miriam and Clay, Theresa (1953) Fleas, Flukes and Cuckoos: a study of bird parasites. The New Naturalist series. London: Collins
  • Hopkins, G. H. E. and Rothschild, Miriam (1953–81) An Illustrated Catalogue to the Rothschild Collection of Fleas 6 volumes (4to.) London: British Museum (Natural History)[13]
  • Rothschild, Miriam (1983) Dear Lord Rothschild: birds, butterflies and history. London: Hutchinson (ISBN 0-86689-019-X)
  • Rothschild, Miriam and Farrell, Clive (1985) The Butterfly Gardener. London: Michael Joseph
  • Rothschild, Miriam (1986) Animals and Man: the Romanes lecture for 1984–5 delivered in Oxford on 5 February 1985. Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • Rothschild, Miriam et al. (1986) Colour Atlas of Insect Tissues via the Flea. London: Wolfe
  • Rothschild, Miriam (1991) Butterfly Cooing Like a Dove. London: Doubleday
  • Stebbing-Allen, George; Woodcock, Martin; Lings, Stephen and Rothschild, Miriam (1994) A Diversity of Birds: a personal voyage of discovery. London: Headstart (ISBN 1-85944-000-2)
  • Rothschild, Miriam and Marren, Peter (1997) Rothschild's Reserves: time & fragile nature. London: Harley (ISBN 0-946589-62-3)
  • Rothschild, Miriam; Garton, Kate; De Rothschild, Lionel & Lawson, Andrew (1997) The Rothschild Gardens: a family tribute to nature. London: Abrams
  • Van Emden, Helmut F. and Rothschild, Miriam (eds.) (2004) Insect and Bird Interactions Andover, Hampshire: Intercept (ISBN 1-898298-92-0)

Papers
  • Rothschild, M. (1936) Gigantism and variation in Peringia ulvae Pennant 1777, caused by infection with larval trematodes. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 20, 537–46
  • Rothschild, M. (1938)a. Further observations on the effect of trematode parasites on Peringia ulvae (Pennant) 1777. Novavit Zool. 41, 84–102
  • Rothschild, M. (1938)b. Observations on the growth and trematode infections of Peringia ulvae (Pennant) 1777 in a pool in the Tamar saltings, Plymouth. Parasitology, 33(4), 406–415. doi:10.1017/S0031182000024616
  • [many more]
gollark: Er, hold on, let me find some logs.
gollark: <@!156933717628026880> I am fairly sure that I didn't do any nago-ish war declaring.
gollark: <@199585701547868160> Would you consider cubically claiming the Haskell logo? I'd like to run a tunnel under it.
gollark: Obviously, the number will have to be calculated at runtime, and indices will change dynamically.
gollark: Actually, no: we need to average it based on the number of people supporting each.

References
  1. Van Emden, H. F.; Gurdon, J. (2006). "Dame Miriam Louisa Rothschild. 5 August 1908 -- 20 January 2005: Elected FRS 1985". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 52: 315–330. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2006.0022.
  2. Naomi Gryn, Rothschild, Dame Miriam, Jewish Women Encyclopedia, retrieved 3 March 2012
  3. Rothschild, Miriam (22 January 2005). (68291). The Times http://gdc.galegroup.com.ezphost.dur.ac.uk/gdc/artemis/NewspapersDetailsPage/NewspapersDetailsWindow?disableHighlighting=false&displayGroupName=DVI-Newspapers&docIndex=1&source=fullList&prodId=TTDA&mode=view&limiter=&display-query=OQE+miriam+rothschild&contentModules=&action=e&sortBy=&windowstate=normal&currPage=1&dviSelectedPage=&scanId=&query=OQE+miriam+rothschild&search_within_results=&p=TTDA&catId=&u=duruni&displayGroups=&documentId=GALE%7CIF0502894830&activityType=BasicSearch&failOverType=&commentary=. Retrieved 2 January 2019. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  4. David McCullough. Brave Companions: Portraits in History. Simon & Schuster, 1992. p. 166ff. ISBN 978-0-671-79276-3.
  5. "Colonel George Lane". The Daily Telegraph. London. 26 March 2010. Retrieved 6 April 2010.
  6. Naomi, Gryn. "Dame Miriam Rothschild 1908 – 2005". Jewish Women's Archive.
  7. "Dame Miriam Rothschild, obituary". The Oundle Chronicle (blog). Archived from the original on 8 October 2007. Retrieved 6 May 2007.
  8. "Schizophrenia Research Fund". www.srf-uk.com.
  9. Adamson, E. (1984). 'Art as Healing'. London, Coventure
  10. O'Flynn, D. (2011). 'Art as Healing: Edward Adamson'. Raw Vision, 72, Spring 2011, pp. 46–53.
  11. Marren, P. (2005). "Obituary: Dame Miriam Rothschild. Expert on fleas and energetic campaigner for nature conservation." The Independent, 22 January 2005
  12. "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter R" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  13. "Rothschild (Charles) Collection of Fleas". Retrieved 18 April 2009.
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