Milli Vanilli

Milli Vanilli was a German-French R&B duo from Munich. The group was founded by Frank Farian in 1988 and consisted of Fab Morvan and Rob Pilatus. The group's debut album, titled All or Nothing in Europe and reconfigured as Girl You Know It's True in the United States, achieved international success and earned them a Grammy Award for Best New Artist on 21 February 1990.[2]

Milli Vanilli
Fab Morvan (left) and Rob Pilatus (right) with NARAS President C. Michael Greene (center), February 1990
Background information
Also known asRob & Fab
OriginMunich, Germany
GenresDance-pop, new jack swing, R&B, funk, Eurodance, hip hop
Years active1988–1990, 1997–1998
LabelsArista, Hansa
Associated actsThe Real Milli Vanilli, Rob & Fab
Past membersMilli Vanilli
Fab Morvan
Rob Pilatus
Session members
Charles Shaw
Brad Howell
Erik Wietses
John Davis
Jodie Rocco[1]
Linda Rocco
Frank Farian

Milli Vanilli became one of the most popular pop acts in the late 1980s and early 1990s, with millions of records sold. However, their success turned to infamy when it was found out that Morvan and Pilatus did not sing any of the vocals heard on their music releases. The duo ended up giving back the Grammy Award for Best New Artist.[3][4][5] The group recorded a comeback album in 1998 titled Back and in Attack, but the album's release was cancelled after Rob Pilatus died at the age of 32.[6]

Beginnings, 1988–1989

Rob Pilatus met Fabrice Morvan during a dance seminar at a disco in Los Angeles. The two bonded over similar experiences they had growing up in European cities, Paris (Morvan) and Munich (Pilatus).[7] "Something clicked between us," Pilatus said. "Maybe it's because we're both black people who grew up in foreign cities that don't have too many blacks."[8]

The pair reunited in Munich, where they attempted to find work as backing singers, then formed their own act. After adopting the name Milli Vanilli, the pair recorded an album for a small German label that sold just a few thousand records.[9]

The pair was focused on becoming famous and struggled with poverty. "We lived in a project. We had no money. We wanted to be stars," explained Pilatus.[10]

Music producer Frank Farian learned of the duo and invited Pilatus and Morvan to his Frankfurt studio to listen to a demo.

"We got a call to come to his studio and we said, 'All right that's it,' " Pilatus recalled. "We were just dumb little kids, so we said, 'Let's go.' When we got to the studio, "Girl You Know It's True" was just a demo and he asked us our opinion of it and if we could sing it and we said, 'Yeah, we could sing it.' And he said, 'Oh beautiful, I believe it, but next week we have shows to do, so don't worry, I'll make you into a millionaire.'"[9]

Farian signed the duo to a contract on 1 January 1988,[9] obligating him to record 10 songs with them a year.[7] But the group's singing in the recording studio did not impress Farian. "These two guys came into the studio, they recorded, but they didn't have enough quality," Farian said.[11]

The final mix of "Girl You Know It's True" was finished by studio performers—including Charles Shaw, John Davis, Brad Howell, Jodie Rocco and Linda Rocco[12]—in March and April.[9]

By May, Pilatus and Morvan were touring Spain, France and Italy, lip syncing to the pre-recorded tracks and thrilling crowds with their distinct style — spandex shorts, thigh-high boots and cornrow hair extensions.[13] According to Pilatus, "We would ask Frank when are we going to be allowed to give some (artistic) input and he would say, 'Yeah, yeah, but right now we need you to go out and do promotion. Of course, you'll get to do it, just work with us.' That's how he strung us along."[9] After "Girl You Know It's True" took off in Germany in summer 1988, Farian produced and wrote most of the material on the Milli Vanilli album All or Nothing. The album was released in Europe in November 1988.

"After Frank released the album, he told us that it was too late to stop now," Pilatus said. "Because the single was such a big success, he said, 'Now you have to go through with it. I'll cover you guys. Nobody will find out.' He said, 'Here, I'll give you $20,000 advance money.' We never had a hit before, so we went along with it. We played with fire and now we know, but it's too late."[9] By December, Pilatus and Morvan came to the realization that their actual voices would never appear on any Milli Vanilli tracks.[9]

All or Nothing was repackaged as Girl You Know It's True for audiences in the United States and was released in March 1989. It became a major success, producing five singles that entered the top five of the Billboard Hot 100, three of which ("Baby Don't Forget My Number", "Blame It on the Rain", and "Girl I'm Gonna Miss You") went to number one.[14] On January 1990, Girl You Know It's True was certified 6× platinum by the RIAA after spending seven weeks atop the Billboard Top 200.[15] Additionally, the album spent 41 weeks within the top 10 of the Billboard Top 200 and 78 weeks within the charts overall. The album was also certified Diamond in Canada, denoting shipments of over a million units there. The success of the album earned the duo a Grammy Award for Best New Artist.

Lip-syncing exposure and media backlash, 1989–1991

Beth McCarthy-Miller, then an executive with MTV, says the duo's English language skills, when they came in for their first interview with the channel, stirred doubts among those present as to whether they had sung on their records.[16] The first public sign that the group was lip-syncing came on 21 July 1989, during a live performance on MTV at the Lake Compounce theme park in Bristol, Connecticut. As they performed, a hard drive issue caused the recording of the song "Girl You Know It's True" to jam and skip, repeatedly playing the partial line "Girl, you know it's..." through the speakers. "I knew right then and there, it was the beginning of the end for Milli Vanilli," recalled Pilatus of the incident. "When my voice got stuck in the computer, and it just kept repeating and repeating, I panicked. I didn't know what to do. I just ran off the stage."[9]

Downtown Julie Brown ran after Pilatus and convinced him to finish the set. "With a bit of pushing and screaming, and a couple of F-words I think as well, I got them back out there," Brown explained on VH1's Behind the Music. Despite the mishap, the concert audience seemed neither to care, nor even to notice, and the concert continued as if nothing unusual had happened.[17]

In a March 1990 issue of Time magazine, Pilatus was quoted proclaiming himself to be "the new Elvis", reasoning that by the duo's success they were more talented musically than Bob Dylan, Paul McCartney and Mick Jagger.[18] This was denied by Fab Morvan, as recently as 2017, saying that Pilatus never used those words and that the quote was taken out of context likely due to Pilatus still not having a full grasp of the English language.[19]

Unlike the international release of All or Nothing, the inserts for the American version of the album explicitly attributed the vocals to Morvan and Pilatus. This prompted singer Charles Shaw to reveal in December 1989 that he was one of the three actual vocalists on the album and that Pilatus and Morvan were impostors. Farian reportedly paid Shaw $150,000 to retract his statements, though this did not stem the tide of public criticism.[20]

Because of growing public questions as to who sang in the group, as well as Morvan and Pilatus' demand to Farian that they be allowed to sing on the next album, on 14 November 1990, Farian announced that he had fired them and confessed they did not sing on the records.[21] Confronted by Los Angeles Times reporter Chuck Philips, Pilatus confirmed the deception. "It’s True: Milli Vanilli Didn’t Sing" read the headline in the newspaper. "I feel like a mosquito being squeezed," Pilatus said. "The last two years of our lives have been a total nightmare. We've had to lie to everybody. We are true singers, but that maniac Frank Farian would never allow us to express ourselves."[9] The next week, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences revoked Milli Vanilli's 1990 Grammy for Best New Artist. Pilatus and Morvan gave a press conference in front of more than 100 journalists in Los Angeles where they stated their willingness to return their Grammy Award. The duo said they had "made a deal with the devil," and they sang and rapped for the room in order to prove that, although they hadn't sung on the record, they could, in fact, sing.[7]

After these details emerged, different lawsuits[22] were filed under various U.S. consumer fraud protection laws[23] against Arista Records, Pilatus and Morvan. One such filing occurred on 22 November 1990, in Ohio, where lawyers filed a class-action lawsuit asking for refunds on behalf of a local woman in Cuyahoga County, who had bought Girl You Know It's True. At the time the lawsuit was filed, it was estimated at least 1,000 Ohio residents had bought the album.[23] On 12 August 1991, a proposed settlement of a refund lawsuit in Chicago, Illinois, was rejected. This settlement would have refunded buyers of Milli Vanilli CDs, cassettes, records, or singles. However, the refunds would only be given as a credit for a future Arista release.[22] On 28 August, a new settlement was approved; it refunded those who attended concerts along with those who bought Milli Vanilli recordings.[24] An estimated 10 million buyers were eligible to claim a refund and they could keep the refunded recordings as well.[24] The deadline to claim refunds passed on 8 March 1992.[25]

Adding to the controversy, in December 1990 singer-songwriter David Clayton-Thomas sued Milli Vanilli for copyright infringement, alleging that the title song of All or Nothing used the melody from his 1968 composition "Spinning Wheel", a hit for his group Blood, Sweat & Tears.[26]

The Real Milli Vanilli, 1991–1992
Main article: The Real Milli Vanilli

The resulting album, released in Europe in early 1991, was renamed The Moment of Truth and spawned three singles, "Keep On Running", "Nice 'n Easy" and "Too Late (True Love)". A Morvan/Pilatus lookalike named Ray Horton was depicted on the cover along with the real singers: Brad Howell and John Davis. In addition, the album featured rappers Icy Bro on "Hard as Hell" and Tammy T on "Too Late (True Love)". Original members and vocalists Jodie Rocco and Linda Rocco remained on 95% of the tracks. One of four Diane Warren-penned songs that are included on The Moment of Truth, "When I Die", has been covered by several other artists, including Farian's No Mercy. For the American market, Farian chose to avoid any association with Milli Vanilli and had the tracks re-recorded with Ray Horton on the majority of lead vocals. However, The Moment of Truth was never released in that format in the USA.[27]

Try 'N' B

In 1992, RCA signed on to release the album as the debut of the newly created group Try 'N' B. The self-titled release included three additional tracks not on the Real Milli Vanilli release: "Ding Dong", "Who Do You Love", and a remake of Dr. Hook's "Sexy Eyes", and featured original Milli Vanilli vocalists Jodie Rocco and Linda Rocco. Because of significantly better sales under the name Try 'N' B in America, a slightly modified Try 'N' B debut album was released internationally. It featured guest singer Tracy Ganser, a Ray Horton lookalike named Kevin Weatherspoon, as well as Jodie Rocco and Linda Rocco.[27]

Rob & Fab, 1990–1993
Main article: Rob & Fab

Morvan and Pilatus moved to Los Angeles, California, and signed with the Joss Entertainment Group. Sandy Gallin was their manager.[28] They recorded their follow-up album under the name Rob & Fab which was financed by Taj Records in 1992 and released by Joss Entertainment in 1993. Almost all the songs on the album were written by Kenny Taylor and Fab Morvan, while Morvan and Pilatus provided the lead vocals. Werner Schüler, a German bassist and songwriter, was their producer.[29] Because of financial constraints, Joss Entertainment Group was only able to release the album in the United States, the priority market to Milli Vanilli. A single, "We Can Get It On", was made available for radio play shortly before the album's release. However, the lack of publicity, poor distribution, and their steep fall from the height of pop-culture visibility after the lip-synching scandal contributed to its failure. The album only sold around 2,000 copies.[30]

Comeback and death of Rob Pilatus, 1997–1998

In order to restore their career, Farian agreed to produce a new Milli Vanilli album with Morvan and Pilatus on lead vocals in 1997. This led up to the recording of the 1998 Milli Vanilli comeback album Back and In Attack. Even some of the original studio singers backed the performers in their attempt to bring back some of the fame that had been shed so quickly. However, Rob Pilatus encountered a number of personal problems during the production of the new album. He turned to drugs and crime, committing a series of assaults and robberies,[31] and was ultimately sentenced to three months in jail and six months in a drug rehabilitation facility in California. Farian bailed Pilatus out of jail.[32] On the eve of the new album's promotional tour on 2 April 1998, Pilatus was found dead of a suspected alcohol and prescription drug overdose in a hotel room in Frankfurt, Germany.[33][34] His death was ruled accidental.[35]

Fab Morvan's solo career

Morvan spent the following years as a session musician and public speaker while working on writing and performing his new music. In 1998, he was a DJ at famed L.A. radio station KIIS-FM. During this period he also performed at the station's sold-out 1999 Wango Tango festival concert before 50,000 people at Dodger Stadium. Morvan then spent 2001 on tour before performing in 2002 as the inaugural performer at the brand-new Velvet Lounge at the Hard Rock Hotel in Orlando, Florida. In 2003, Morvan released his first solo album, Love Revolution.[36] He marketed the album through his website and CD Baby.

In April 2011, Morvan released the single "Anytime" on iTunes.[37]

Later developments

In 1991, Pilatus and Morvan appeared in a commercial for Carefree Sugarless Gum, which parodied their lip-syncing fiasco. They portrayed animated versions of themselves in an episode of The Adventures of Super Mario Bros. 3 and even signed with a PR firm in hopes of breaking into acting. As they told the L.A. Times, "We think we have the potential to become actors. After all, we got a lot of practice while we were in Milli Vanilli. But the most important thing to us now is the new album." [38]

The duo was featured (and interviewed) for the premiere episode of VH1's Behind the Music in 1997.

In 2000, Fab Morvan was featured in a BBC documentary titled It Takes Two: The Story of the Pop Duo about musical duos.

On 14 February 2007, it was announced that Universal Pictures was developing a film based on the story of Milli Vanilli's rise and fall in the music industry. Jeff Nathanson, screenwriter for Catch Me If You Can, producers Kathleen Kennedy and Frank Marshall, and producer executive Adam Yoelin, were supposed to write and direct the film while Fab Morvan served as a consultant.[39][40] However, in February 2011, it was announced the Milli Vanilli movie would be rewritten and directed by Florian Gallenberger.[41][42] The documentary "Milli Vanilli: From Fame to Shame" was eventually directed by German Oliver Schwehm, and produced by Hannah Lenitzki from Bremedia Produktion, released in 2016.[43]

In January 2014, the actual Milli Vanilli singers—Jodie Rocco and Linda Rocco, John Davis and Brad Howell—filmed an in-depth interview with the producers of Oprah: Where Are They Now for OWN TV.[44]

In 2015 TMZ reported that Fab Morvan was working on an album with John Davis, one of the original Milli Vanilli singers, called Face Meets Voice.[45]

Discography
Main article: Milli Vanilli discography

Studio albums
gollark: i.e. basically just making you do annoying things for the sake of it.
gollark: So allow everyone to have beards during December if it's specificallysafe then...
gollark: And yet you can apparently have them for a month with no issue?
gollark: I don't agree with arbitrarily banning things then charging you to have them back.
gollark: If the forms are online mostly, maybe it would be possible to develop some thing to automatically submit the same personal information to them, hm.

References
  1. "Milli Vanilli voice steps into the limelight". 17 February 2014.
  2. "32nd Annual GRAMMY Awards (1989)". GRAMMY.com. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  3. Shriver, Jerry (28 January 2010). "Milli Vanilli frontman says duo were musical 'scapegoats'". USA Today. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
  4. Philips, Chuck (20 November 1990). "Milli Vanilli's Grammy Rescinded by Academy : Music: Organization revokes an award for the first time after revelation that the duo never sang on album". Los Angeles Times.
  5. Philips, Chuck (16 November 1990). "It's True: Milli Vanilli Didn't Sing : Pop music: The duo could be stripped of its Grammy after admitting it lip-synced the best-selling 'Girl You Know It's True.'". LA Times.
  6. "Milli Vanilli's Pilatus Dead At 32". rollingstone.com. 7 April 1998. Archived from the original on 22 June 2008. Retrieved 25 July 2008.
  7. Warner, Andrea (23 January 2018). "Girl You Know It's True: the rise and fall of Milli Vanilli 25 years later". CBC Music. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
  8. Hunt, Dennis (23 July 1989). "Milli Vanilli's Pilatus Was an Outsider, Once". latimes.com. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
  9. Philips, Chuck (21 November 1990). "'We Sold Our Souls to the Devil' : In a Wide-Ranging Interview, the Duo Tell the Whole Story About What It Was Like to Live a Lie". latimes.com. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
  10. "VANILLI THE PROOF IS IN THE PUDDING". Washington Post. 21 November 1990. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
  11. "THE PRODUCER'S 'ART'FRANK FARIAN AND HIS FAMOUS FAKE". Washington Post. 17 November 1990. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
  12. Bronson, F. (2003). The Billboard Book of Number One Hits. BILLBOARD BOOK OF NUMBER ONE HITS. Billboard Books. p. 753. ISBN 978-0-8230-7677-2. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
  13. "Milli Vanilli's Two Heads Hope Their Grammy Award Puts An End to Silli Vanilli Jokes". PEOPLE.com. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
  14. "Rewinding the Charts: 25 Years Ago, Milli Vanilli Made History on the Hot 100". Billboard. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  15. "Billboard magazine January 13 1990" (PDF). Billboard Magazine. 13 January 1990.
  16. Marks, Craig; Tannenbaum, Rob (2011). I Want My MTV: The Uncensored Story of the Music Video Revolution. New York, NY: Dutton. pp. 362–363. ISBN 9780525952305.
  17. "Milli Vanilli". Behind the Music. 7 August 1997. VH1.
  18. Cocks, Jay (5 March 1990). "Two Scoops Of Vanilli". Time Magazine.
  19. djvlad (19 April 2017). "Fab on CD Skipping During Milli Vanilli Performance, Lip Syncing Rumors". Retrieved 12 October 2018 – via YouTube.
  20. Goodman, Fred; Trakin, Roy (30 November 1990). "Artificial Vanilli". ew.com. Retrieved 25 July 2008.
  21. "POP DUO MILLI VANILLI DIDN'T SING HIT ALBUM". Washington Post. 16 November 1990. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  22. AP (13 August 1991). "Judge Rejects Milli Vanilli Refund Plan - NYTimes.com". New York Times. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
  23. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 11 February 2010. Retrieved 8 August 2014.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  24. Reuters (31 August 1991). "Small Victory for Milli Vanilli Fans - NYTimes.com". New York Times. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
  25. Company, Johnson Publishing (30 September 1991). "Judge Sets Deadline For Milli Vanilli Records". Jet. Johnson Publishing Company: 32. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
  26. Maull, Samuel (7 December 1990). "Songwriter-Singer Sues Milli Vanilli for Alleged Copyright Infringement". AP News.
  28. Hollywood agent and producer Sandy Gallin dead at 76 The Associated Press, 22 April 2017
  29. Milli Vanilli: Fr to Shame IMDb, 60min documentary, 23 July 2016
  30. Pilkington, Ed (16 February 2007). "Hollywood to immortalise pop frauds". the Guardian. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  31. Company, Johnson Publishing (19 February 1996). "Ex-Member Of Milli Vanilli Arrested For Terrorist Threat". Jet. Johnson Publishing Company: 16. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
  32. Pierre Perrone (6 April 1998). "Obituary: Rob Pilatus". The Independent. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
  33. Chris, Willman. "The Sad Truth". ew.com. p. 2. Retrieved 25 July 2008.
  34. Vena, Jocelyn; Elias, Matt (9 October 2009). "TLC Ready To 'Change People's Lives' With New Music". mtv.com. Retrieved 14 November 2009.
  35. "Milli Vanilli's Pilatus Dead At 33". rollingstone.com. 7 April 1998. Archived from the original on 6 February 2008. Retrieved 25 July 2008.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
  36. Love Revolution - Fabrice Morvan | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic, retrieved 25 July 2020
  37. "Anytime on iTunes".
  38. "Girl You Know It's True: the rise and fall of Milli Vanilli 25 years later". CBC Music. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  39. Nicole Frehsee (19 June 2008). "Girl, You Know It's True: Milli Vanilli Biopic Will Reveal the Truth (!) : Rolling Stone : Rock and Roll Daily". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 19 June 2008. Retrieved 22 September 2016.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  40. Catsoulis, Jeannette (15 September 2016). "Movie Reviews – The New York Times". Movies.nytimes.com. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
  41. "No Filter". Archived from the original on 9 September 2012.
  42. "IFITSMOVIES – Serving you the best". Archived from the original on 15 February 2011.
  43. Milli Vanilli: From Fame to Shame IMDb, 1h documentary, 23 July 2016
  44. "Why Some of the "Real" Voices Behind Milli Vanilli Kept Quiet". OWNTV Season 3 Episode 308 Aired on 21 February 2014.
  45. "Milli Vanilli man attempts comeback – with the man who actually sang the songs". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
Individual artists involved
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