Mikawashima train crash

The Mikawashima train crash (三河島事故, Mikawashima jiko) was a multiple train crash which occurred on 3 May 1962 near Mikawashima Station in Arakawa, Tokyo, Japan. It involved a freight train and two passenger trains; 160 people were killed.

Mikawashima train crash
Details
DateMay 3, 1962
21:42
LocationMikawashima Station
CountryJapan
LineJōban Line
OperatorJNR
Incident typeDerailment and collision
CauseSignal passed at danger
Statistics
Trains3
Deaths160
Injuries296

First train

At 21:36, a Mito-bound freight train (No. 287) was approaching to join the main Jōban Line at Mikawashima Station and missed the red signal. A fail-safe mechanism diverted the freight train onto a safety siding, preventing a devastating head-on collision, however the freight train was travelling too fast and derailed in the siding, leaving the locomotive and leading tanker-wagon obstructing the main line.[1]

Second train

A seven-carriage passenger train (2117H) bound for Toride from Ueno left Mikawashima station also at 21:36, and, although it avoided a head-on collision, struck the derailed freight train; resulting in 25 injuries. The passengers used the emergency escape handles and started walking back to the station. The operators in the nearby signal box were too busy dealing with the aftermath of the first collision and failed to notify other traffic on the line.

Third train

Six minutes after the first collision, an incoming passenger train (2000H) collided with the derailed 2117H and hit many of the passengers escaping from the first collision. The first carriage was smashed and the next three derailed, resulting in 160 deaths and 296 injuries.

Response

As a result of the accident, JNR changed its operational policy from "do not stop trains unless absolutely necessary" to "stop trains as soon as an accident happens regardless of its scale." An Automatic train stop system to stop trains automatically if they should pass a red signal was introduced to all JNR lines by April 1966.[2]

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References
  1. The Japan Times, "102 dead in triple Tokyo train crash", 4 May 1962 (reprinted in The Japan Times, 20 May 2012, p. 8)
  2. "Learning from Past Railway Accidents—Progress of Train Control". Archived from the original on 2017-05-06. Retrieved 2010-05-22.

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