Microhyla
Microhyla, commonly known as the rice frogs or narrow-mouthed frogs, is a genus of frogs in the family Microhylidae. It consists of at least 50 species of diminutive frogs. Members of this genus are widespread from Ryukyu Is. in Japan, and throughout South-east Asia, (China, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Borneo, India and Sri Lanka).[1]
| Microhyla | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Microhyla achatina | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Microhylidae |
| Subfamily: | Microhylinae |
| Genus: | Microhyla Tschudi, 1838 |
| Type species | |
| Microhyla achatina Tschudi, 1838 | |
| Species | |
|
Numerous, see text. | |
Diagnosis
According to Seshadri et al. (2016),[2] this genus can be diagnosed using the following set of criteria: Adult frogs are of small size; pupil circular; skin on dorsum smooth; lateral side of body with markings from back of eye to vent; supratympanic fold present in adults; paratoid glands are absent, fingers without webbing, finger tips may or may not be dilated; oval tongue, its margin is entire and free at the base; the diameter of eye is smaller than snout; a thin layer of skin hides the tympanum; tubercles on hand distinct; distinct oval shaped inner metatarsal tubercle and rounded outer metatarsal tubercle; webbing in feet, rudimentary.
Evolutionary relationships
The genus Microhyla is closely related to Glyphoglossus within the family Microhylidae.[1][3] Members of the genus Microhyla began diversifying from the most common ancestor around 45 million years ago and this resulted in forming Metaphrynella and Microhyla.[3] However, ascertaining the phylogenetic relationship of frogs within Microhyla has been difficult as many species are not monophyletic.[4]
Species
The following species are recognised in the genus Microhyla:[1] and Seshadri:[2]
| Binomial Name and Author | Common Name |
|---|---|
| Microhyla achatina Tschudi, 1838 | Javan rice frog, Javan chorus frog, Javanese narrow-mouthed frog |
| Microhyla annamensis Smith, 1923 | Vietnam rice frog, Annam narrow-mouthed frog, Annam chorus frog, minute narrow-mouth frog |
| Microhyla annectens Boulenger, 1900 | Larut Hills rice frog, brown narrow-mouthed frog |
| Microhyla arboricola Poyarkov, Vassilieva, Orlov, Galoyan, Tran, Le, Kretova, and Geissler, 2014 | Tree-dwelling narrow-mouth frog, tree-dwelling pigmy narrow-mouth frog |
| Microhyla aurantiventris Nguyen, Poyarkov, Nguyen, Nguyen, Tran, Gorin, Murphy, and Nguyen, 2019 | Orange-bellied narrow-mouth frog |
| Microhyla beilunensis Zhang, Fei, Ye, Wang, Wang, and Jiang, 2018 | Beilun pygmy frog |
| Microhyla berdmorei (Blyth, 1856) | Pegu rice frog, Berdmore's narrow-mouthed frog, Burmese microhylid frog, Berdmore's chorus frog |
| Microhyla borneensis Parker, 1928 | Borneo rice frog, Borneo narrow-mouthed frog, Bornean narrow-mouthed frog, Bornean chorus frog, long-snouted frog |
| Microhyla butleri Boulenger, 1900 | Butler's rice frog, Butler's ricefrog, Butler's narrow-mouthed Toad, Butler's pigmy frog, painted chorus frog, tubercled pygmy frog, noisy frog |
| Microhyla chakrapanii Pillai, 1977 | Mayabunder rice frog, Chakrapani's narrow-mouthed frog, bilateral banded frog |
| Microhyla darevskii [5] | Darevsky's Narrow-Mouth Frog, Darevsky's Pigmy Narrow-Mouth Frog (original publication). |
| Microhyla darreli Garg et al'., 2018 "2019" | Darrel's chorus frog |
| Microhyla eos Biju, Garg, Kamei, and Maheswaran, 2019 | Arunachal chorus frog |
| Microhyla fanjingshanensis Li, Zhang, Xu, Lv, and Jiang, 2019 | Fanjing Mountain pygmy frog |
| Microhyla fissipes Boulenger, 1884 | Ornamented pygmy frog, ornata microhylid frog, Malayan bullfrog, ornate narrow-mouthed frog, ornate narrowmouth frog, ornate pigmy frog, ornate chorus frog |
| Microhyla fodiens Poyarkov, Gorin, Zaw, Kretova, Gogoleva, Pawangkhanant, and Che, 2019 | Burrowing narrow-mouth frog |
| Microhyla fusca Andersson, 1942 | Brown rice frog, Dalat pigmy frog |
| Microhyla gadjahmadai Atmaja, Hamidy, Arisuryanti, Matsui, and Smith, 2018 | |
| Microhyla heymonsi Vogt, 1911 | Taiwan rice frog, Heymon's ricefrog, dark-sided chorus frog, arcuate-spotted pygmy frog, Heymon's narrow-mouthed frog, Heymon's narrow-mouthed toad, burrowing microhylid frog, black-sided narrow-mouthed frog, black-flanked pigmy frog |
| Microhyla irrawaddy Poyarkov, Gorin, Zaw, Kretova, Gogoleva, Pawangkhanant, and Che, 2019 | Irrawaddy narrowmouth frog |
| Microhyla karunaratnei Fernando & Siriwardhane, 1996 | |
| Microhyla kodial Kumar and Aravind, 2018[6] | Mangaluru narrow-mouthed frog |
| Microhyla laterite Seshadri et al., 2016[2] | Laterite narrow-mouthed frog |
| Microhyla maculifera Inger, 1989 | Sabah rice frog |
| Microhyla malang Matsui, 2011 | |
| Microhyla mantheyi Das, Yaakob, and Sukumaran, 2007 | |
| Microhyla marmorata Bain & Nguyen, 2004 | Marble pigmy frog |
| Microhyla mihintalei Wijayathilaka et al., 2016[7] | Sri Lanka red narrow-mouthed frog |
| Microhyla minuta [5] | Tiny Narrow-Mouth Frog, Tiny Pigmy Narrow-Mouth Frog |
| Microhyla mixtura Liu & Hu in Hu, Zhao, & Liu, 1966 | Chinese rice frog, mixtured pigmy frog |
| Microhyla mukhlesuri Hasan et al. 2014 | |
| Microhyla mymensinghensis Hasan et al. 2014 | |
| Microhyla nanapollexa Bain & Nguyen, 2004 | No-thumb pigmy frog |
| Microhyla nilphamariensis Howlader et al. 2015 | |
| Microhyla okinavensis Stejneger, 1901 | Okinawa rice frog |
| Microhyla orientalis Matsui, Hamidy & Eto, 2013[8] | |
| Microhyla ornata (Duméril & Bibron, 1841) | Ant frog, ornate narrow-mouthed frog, ornate narrowmouth frog, ornate rice frog, ornate ricefrog, black-throated frog |
| Microhyla palmipes Boulenger, 1897 | Pengalengan rice frog, palmated chorus frog, palmated narrow-mouthed frog |
| Microhyla perparva Inger & frogner, 1979 | Labang Forest rice frog |
| Microhyla petrigena Inger & frogner, 1979 | Kapit rice frog, pothole narrow-mouthned frog |
| Microhyla picta Schenkel, 1901 | Painted rice frog |
| Microhyla pineticola [5] | Pine Narrow-Mouth Frog, Pine Pigmy Narrow-Mouth Frog |
| Microhyla pulchella [5] | Pretty Narrow-Mouth Frog, Pretty Pigmy Narrow-Mouth Frog. |
| Microhyla pulchra (Hallowell, 1861) | Guangdong rice frog, marbled pigmy frog, yellow-legged pigmy frog, beautiful pygmy frog, painted frog, yellow-legged narrow-mouthed frog |
| Microhyla pulverata Bain & Nguyen, 2004 | Dusty speckling venter pigmy frog |
| Microhyla rubra (Jerdon, 1854) | Guangdong rice frog, red narrow-mouthed frog, densely spotted microhylid frog |
| Microhyla sholigari Dutta & Ray, 2000 | |
| Microhyla superciliaris Parker, 1928 | Batu Cave rice frog |
| Microhyla taraiensis Khatiwada, 2017 | |
| Microhyla zeylanica Parker & Osman-Hill, 1949 | Sri Lanka rice frog |
In central Vietnam, several new species of Microhyla have been described in the 2000s:
- Microhyla arboricola: Khánh Hòa Province and Đắk Lắk Province
- Microhyla darevskii: Mount Ngọc Linh, Kon Tum Province
- Microhyla marmorata: Quảng Nam Province, Thừa Thiên-Huế Province, Quảng Bình Province, and Hà Tĩnh Province of Vietnam; Khammouane and Borikhamxay of Laos
- Microhyla minuta: Đồng Nai Province
- Microhyla nanapollexa: Mount Ngọc Linh, Quảng Nam Province
- Microhyla pineticola: Lâm Đồng Province and Đắk Lắk Province
- Microhyla pulchella: Bidoup Nui Ba National Park, Lâm Đồng Province
- Microhyla pulverata: An Khe District, Gia Lai Province
Several new species of Microhyla have been described since 2018.
Phylogeny
The following phylogeny of the genus Microhyla is from Khatiwada, et al. (2017).[9] 27 species are listed, including various newly described species from South Asia.
| Microhyla |
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gollark: Except that one time I wrote incredibly accursed python.
gollark: I mean, *my* code is utterly memory-safe and yet.
gollark: > >>So they wrote a program that was a) shitty and b) memory-safe? Those are two orthogonal dimensions.Wow, this is extremely.
gollark: It generalizes fine to other tasks, as long as you precompute them utterly and can save them.
gollark: There's a startup experimenting with using on-chip flash to store glxgears frames and just streaming them to the display as needed, to avoid the overhead of having to actually compute it.
References
- Frost, Darrel R. 2016. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 (Date of access). Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA.
- Seshadri, K. S.; Singal, Ramit; Priti, H.; Ravikanth, G.; Vidisha, M. K.; Saurabh, S.; Pratik, M.; Gururaja, Kotambylu Vasudeva (2016). "Microhyla laterite sp. nov., a new species of Microhyla Tschudi, 1838 (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae) from a laterite rock formation in south west India". PLoS ONE. 11 (3): e0149727. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149727. PMC 4784882. PMID 26960208.
- Roelants, K.; Gower, D. J.; Wilkinson, M.; Loader, S. P.; Biju, S. D.; Guillaume, K.; Moriau, L.; Bossuyt, F. (2007). "Global patterns of diversification in the history of modern amphibians". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 104 (3): 887–892. doi:10.1073/pnas.0608378104. PMC 1783409. PMID 17213318.
- Peloso, P. L.; Frost, D.; Richards, S. J; Rodrigues, M. T; Donnellan, S.; Matsui, M.; Raxworthy, C. J; Biju, S.; Moriarty Lemmon, E.; Lemmon, A. R. (2015). "The impact of anchored phylogenomics and taxon sampling on phylogenetic inference in narrow‐mouthed frogs (Anura, Microhylidae)". Cladistics. 32: 1–28. doi:10.1111/cla.12118.
- Poyarkov, N. A. Jr.; Vassilieva, A. B.; Orlov, N. L.; Galoyan, E. A.; Tran, D. T. A.; Le, D. T. T.; Kretova, V. D.; Geissler, P. (2014). "Taxonomy and distribution of narrow-mouth frogs of the genus Microhyla Tschudi, 1838 (Anura: Microhylidae) from Vietnam with descriptions of five new species". Russian Journal of Herpetology. 21: 89–148.
- Perinchery, Aathira (2018-05-16). "Newest frog for India from Karnataka". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2018-05-18.
- Wijayathilaka N, Garg S, Senevirathne G, Karunarathna N, Biju S.D, Meegaskumbura M (2016). "A new species of Microhyla (Anura: Microhylidae) from Sri Lanka: an integrative taxonomic approach". Zootaxa. 4066 (3): 331–342. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4066.3.9.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
- Matsui M, Hamidy A, Eto K (2013). "Description of a new species of Microhyla from Bali, Indonesia (Amphibia, Anura)". Zootaxa. 3670 (4): 579–590. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3670.4.9.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
- Khatiwada, JR; Shu, GC; Wang, SH; Thapa, A; Wang, B; Jiang, J (2017). "A new species of the genus Microhyla (Anura: Microhylidae) from eastern Nepal". Zootaxa. 4254: 221–239. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4254.2.4.
External links
- "Microhyla" at the Encyclopedia of Life
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