Michael Hicks (1543–1612)

Sir Michael Hicks (21 October 1543 – 15 August 1612) was an English courtier and politician who was secretary to Lord Burghley during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I.

Michael Hicks
Born21 October 1543
Died15 August 1612
Ruckholt, Leyton, Essex
Resting placeSt Mary's Church, Leyton
Alma materTrinity College, Cambridge
OccupationAristocrat, merchant, politician
Spouse(s)Elizabeth Colston
ChildrenSir William Hicks, 1st Baronet
Parent(s)
RelativesBaptist Hicks, 1st Viscount Campden (brother)

Early life

Michael Hicks (or Hickes) born 21 October 1543, was eldest son of Robert Hicks of Bristol, Gloucestershire, at one time a London merchant. His mother was Julian(a), daughter and heiress of William Arthur of Somerset. His younger brother Baptist was created Viscount Campden. Michael matriculated at Trinity College, Cambridge in 1559 and was admitted to Lincoln's Inn in 1564.[1][2]

Career

Joining the household of Sir William Cecil, the future Lord Burghley, he rose to become one of Burghley's two principal secretaries at the time he was the Queen's chief minister. Taking the same position with Sir Robert Cecil after Burghley's death, Hicks became an influential figure at court and appears to have been popular.[1] Kimber & Johnson (1771) state that he "by his ingenious education and good parts, became very polite and agreeable and was admitted into a society of learned and eminent persons, having the accomplishment of a facetious wit to recommend him", but also that "many persons, knowing what interest he had with Sir Robert ... made him their friend, at any rate, to solicit their causes with him, who was ever... ready to gratify Sir Michael, especially where benefit was likely to accrue to him".[3]

Hicks appeared to have possessed considerable financial abilities, and his personal friends sought his aid and counsel in their pecuniary difficulties. He lent Francis Bacon money in 1593, and between that year and 1608 Bacon sent him several appeals for further loans. Hicks proved a very friendly creditor. Bacon invariably wrote to him in amicable terms, and urged him to preserve good relations between himself and Sir Robert Cecil. To Fulke Greville, another friend, Hicks also rendered similar services. He became wealthy enough to purchase two estates, Beverstone in Gloucestershire and Ruckholt in Leyton, Essex. The latter, which he acquired of a stepson about 1598, he made his chief home.[1][4]

In June 1604 he was granted the site and demesne of the priory of Lenton, Nottinghamshire. On 16 June 1604 Hicks entertained James I at Ruckholt, and on 6 August the king knighted him at Theobalds. He died at Ruckholt 15 August 1612, and was buried in the chancel of the neighbouring church of Leyton, where an elaborate monument in alabaster, with recumbent figures of himself (in full armour) and of his widow, was erected to his memory.[1]

Hicks was an MP in every Parliament but one between 1585 and his death, representing Truro (1584),[5] Shaftesbury (1588–89 and 1593),[6] Gatton (1597–98) and Horsham (1601 and 1604–1611).[7] On 17 May 1603 Hicks became Receiver-General for the county of Middlesex, but seems to have surrendered the post on 12 July 1604.[1]

According to Wotton, Hicks "was well skilled in philological learning, and had read over the polite Roman historians and moralists; out of which authors he made large collections, especially of the moral and wise sentences out of which he filled divers paper-books, still remaining in the family".[1]

Historian A. L. Rowse describes Hicks as a supporter of the Puritans and suggests he was the author (who to this day has not been conclusively identified) of the Marprelate Tracts. Rowse's view is based on the observation that the tracts were "clearly written by someone in a position to know everybody who was anybody" and the opinion that Hicks had a "merry, facetious pen". However, Rowse himself admits that the secret of the author's identity "seems lost for ever".[8]

Personal life and death

In 1597 Hicks married Elizabeth Colston of Forest House, widow of Henry Pervis or Parvish (said to be an Italian merchant) of Ruckholt. Their eldest son, William (1596–1680), was created a baronet in 1619. He also served as a member of parliament, and was later imprisoned during the Civil War for his Royalist loyalties. The Earls St Aldwyn were his descendants.[9]

Hicks died at Ruckholt on 15 August 1612 of a "burning ague".[7] He was buried at St Mary's Church, Leyton, where his sculptural monument survives, depicting him and his wife as semi-reclining figures.[10]

Notes
  1. Lee 1891, p. 359.
  2. "Hickes, Michael (HKS559M)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  3. Kimber & Johnson 1771, p. 158.
  4. Hicks's house at Ruckholt was demolished in 1757 (Lee 1891, p. 359).
  5. Willis 1750, p. 100.
  6. Willis, pp. 100.
  7. Davidson 2010.
  8. Rowse 1953, p. 531.
  9. Lee 1891, pp. 359–360.
  10. Pevsner 1965.
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References
Attribution
  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney (1891). "Hicks, Michael". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. 26. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 359–360. This entry cites:
    • Wotton's Baronetage, ed. Kimber and Johnstone, i. 158
    • Spedding's Life of Bacon, vols. i. ii. iii.
    • Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1603–10, 17 May 1603, and 28 June 1604
    • Nichols's Progresses of James I
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