Michael Audain

Michael James Audain, OC OBC (born July 31, 1937) is a Canadian home builder, philanthropist and art collector. He is the Chairman and major shareholder of the privately held Polygon Homes Ltd., one of the largest multi-family builders in British Columbia.[1][2]

Michael James Audain
Born (1937-07-31) July 31, 1937
Bournemouth, Dorset, England
NationalityCanadian
Alma materUniversity of British Columbia
OccupationHome Builder
Known forChairman of Polygon Homes Ltd. and Arts Philanthropy
Spouse(s)Yoshiko Karasawa
Children2 Fenya Audain and Kyra Audain
Parent(s)James Guy Payne Audain and Madeleine Marie Stulik

Early life and education

Audain was born to James Guy Payne Audain and Madeleine Marie Stulik in Bournemouth, England. The couple were living near Yeovil in Somerset. His father was a retired British Army officer, while his mother had a career as a London dress model.

Audain attended numerous U.K. schools due to frequent moves by his split-up family during World War II. His first nursery school was named St. Georges, located on Castle Street in Farnham, Surrey, while his first boarding school was called Melbreck Preparatory School situated in the countryside outside Farnham. Later, he attended Eagle House near Sandhurst in Berkshire.

In Canada, Audain attended Glenlyon School (now Glenlyon Norfolk School) and University School (now St. Michael's University School). Both are situated in Victoria, British Columbia. Later, he was sent to Trinity College School in Port Hope, Ontario.

In terms of higher education, Audain attended the University of Lyon in France, where he acquired a Diploma in French Civilization in 1959. At the University of British Columbia he earned a Bachelor of Arts in 1962, a Bachelor of Social Work in 1963, and a Masters in Social Work in 1965. He later attended the London School of Economics and Political Science as a Ph.D. student but did not submit a thesis. In 1977, Audain obtained a Certificate in Farm Management and Rural Appraisal from the University of California, Davis.

Career

In the early 1970s Audain established a reputation for himself as one of Canada's leading housing policy experts. After moving from the position of Director of Community Relations at the Ontario Housing Corporation in Toronto, Ontario (now Ontario Mortgage and Housing Corporation) in 1969, he was appointed Housing Program Director at the Canadian Council on Social Development in Ottawa, Ontario where he conducted a number of research studies on housing issues, most notably a national study on housing for the elderly, which was published as a book called Beyond Shelter.[3] In Ottawa he also started and became editor of a quarterly publication called Housing and People.

In late 1973, Audain was called to the Provincial Government in Victoria, British Columbia by Premier David Barrett and appointed Special Advisor to the Minister of Housing, with the task of setting up a housing ministry. During this period he initiated policies that resulted in a significant increase in social and cooperative housing throughout British Columbia. To aid the process, he negotiated the purchase of Dunhill Development Ltd. which became the Housing Corporation of British Columbia.[4]

After a term as chairman of the Provincial Commission on Mobile Homes, which published a well-received report, in 1976 Audain established a company called Audain Planning Ltd. to undertake research and provide advice on housing policy across Canada. Later in 1994 he was appointed by Premier Michael Harcourt as co-chairman of the Commission of Affordable Housing Options, which held public hearings and whose report[5] ultimately played a significant role in revising municipal government's attitudes to so-called "illegal suites" and a host of other housing related matters.

From 1977 to 1979, Audain taught as a sessional lecturer at the University of British Columbia's School of Urban and Regional Planning (now the School of Community and Regional Planning).

In September 1980 Audain was appointed Executive Vice President of Polygon Properties Limited, becoming a partner in the firm. Then in 1988 he was appointed President, and in 1992 Chairman of Polygon Homes Ltd. He has continued to serve as Chair of the Board since Neil Chrystal's appointment as President in 2003.

Polygon Homes Ltd.

The history of Polygon Homes started in 1980 when Michael Audain was invited by W.K. Paulus to become the Executive Vice President and a partner in a company that owned an interest in three rental apartment properties. Initially, Audain built residential communities for housing cooperatives and non-profit organizations, but in 1983 he started building townhomes and apartments for the market. The company expanded in 1988 when Paulus sold his interest to Laing Property Corporation.

After Laing Property Corporation was taken over by P&O Limited, a British conglomerate, Audain and his partner Rick Genest[6] negotiated the acquisition of all the shares in the company in 1992, with Polygon becoming 100 percent British Columbia owned and managed. After Genest's death as a result of a highway accident in 2002, Neil Chrystal[7] became a major shareholder in the company and assumed the title of President and CEO. Since 1980, Polygon Homes Ltd. and its affiliated single-family builder Morningstar Homes Ltd. have completed the construction of over 29,000 homes in Metro Vancouver.[8][9]

Visual Arts

Michael Audain has been a supporter of the visual arts in British Columbia and beyond. In 1992 he joined the Board of Trustees of the Vancouver Art Gallery and with a brief interregnum has been involved in the affairs of the Gallery until finishing his term as Chair of the Vancouver Art Gallery Foundation in 2014.[10] He served as the Association's President/Chair from 1996 to 1998.

In 2005, Audain was appointed to the Board of Trustees of the National Gallery of Canada, and then as Chair from 2009 to 2012. In 2019 he was reappointed as a Director of the National Gallery of Canada Foundation.

Audain Collection
1860 Tsimshian portrait mask at Audain Art Museum

Michael Audain and his wife Yoshiko Karasawa amassed a significant art collection which is considered among Canada's most outstanding.[11][12][13][14] Particularly strong was a large group of Northwest Coast First Nations masks which had been brought back to the Northwest Coast[15] from the United States and Europe, the acquisition and subsequent donation of a Potlach Figure to the U'Mista Cultural Centre in 2008[16]; a major collection of Emily Carr's works, Canada's most important collection of Mexican modernist[17] works, and one of the leading collections of Quebec artist Jean-Paul Riopelle. The collection was in part exhibited at the Vancouver Art Gallery in late 2012 and early 2013.[18] Nearly 140 works from this collection were installed at the Audain Art Museum in preparation for its opening in March 2016, and have now been donated to form the basis of the Museum's permanent collection.

Audain has also commissioned works from a number of British Columbia artists (personally or through Polygon) to allow them to develop their talents, including: James Hart OBC, Robert Davidson CM OBC, Xwalacktun OBC (Rick Harry), Susan Point OC, Paul Wong, Marianne Nicolson, and Jay Simeon to name a few.

Audain Art Museum

In September 2012, Michael Audain was invited to Whistler, British Columbia to discuss establishing a museum for his family collection[19]. Less than a year after his visit, the 56,000 square foot Audain Art Museum building designed by Patkau Architects commenced construction on land donated by the Resort Municipality of Whistler for a 199-year lease. Adjacent to Whistler Village, the Museum officially opened to the public on March 12, 2016[20][21][22][23] and houses a portion of the Audain Collection, a gallery dedicated to 15 works by E.J Hughes CM OBC,[24] as well as offers spaces for special exhibitions.[25][26] It is the only museum in Canada with a permanent collection that exclusively represents the artists of its home province. The Museum published a book by Ian M. Thom CM titled Masterworks from the Audain Art Museum, Whistler. The Museum is governed by a Board of Trustees chaired by Susan Adams, and is managed by Dr. Curtis Collins, Director & Chief Curator. Michael Audain remains a Trustee.

The Audain Art Museum Foundation was subsequently created to raise an endowment fund of $25 million (now increased to $50 million) to support the operations of the Audain Art Museum.[27] This registered not-for-profit charitable corporation is governed by a Board of Directors chaired by Michael Audain. By mid-2020, over $27 million had been donated to the endowment by persons and companies called the Museum's "Founders".

Jean Paul Riopelle Foundation

Passionate about the legacy of Quebec artist Jean Paul Riopelle (1923-2002), Michael Audain announced on October 3, 2019 the creation of the Jean Paul Riopelle Foundation.  Serving as Chairman, Audain is joined on the board by Riopelle’s eldest daughter, business executives, art historians, and collectors dedicated to celebrating the contribution of the artist to international art history.  The Foundation will also serve as a center of scholarship in the documentation, publication and discourse on the oeuvre of Jean Paul Riopelle[28]. The Foundation is managed by Montreal-based Executive Director Manon Gauthier.

October 7, 2023 will mark the centenary of Riopelle’s birth and the Foundation is planning to provide a multitude of opportunities to acknowledge his contribution to the visual arts.

Philanthropy

Audain Foundation

Michael Audain Chairs the Board of the Audain Foundation, which was established in 1997 to support the visual arts in British Columbia with grants and endowments for capital projects and exhibitions at major public art galleries and educational institutions.[29][30][31][32] More recently, the Foundation managed by Executive Director Chantal Shah, has expanded its scope to include wildlife interests, including start-up funding for the new Grizzly Bear Foundation.[33]

The Audain Foundation has supported many initiatives, among them the Audain Endowment for Contemporary Canadian Art and the Audain Curator of Indigenous Art at the National Gallery of Canada (in recognition of this support, together with donations for special projects, collections and operations, the contemporary exhibition space is named La Salle Audain);[34] the new building for Arts Umbrella;[35] the Audain Curator of British Columbia Art, the Audain Emerging Artists Acquisition Fund, and the Post-Secondary Student Engagement in BC Program[36][37] at the Vancouver Art Gallery; the Audain Curator of First Nations Art Endowment Fund and the new building for the Art Gallery of Greater Victoria;[38] the Audain Professorship in Contemporary Art Practice of the Pacific Northwest and the Audain Gallery and Atrium[39] at the University of Victoria; the Audain Endowment for Curatorial Studies[40], the Audain Art Centre,[41] the commissioning of the Reconciliation Pole by James Hart[42], and the Audain Chair in Historical Indigenous Art[43] at the University of British Columbia; the donation of a Nuu-chah-nulth ceremonial club from Captain James Cook's collection[44], and the Audain Gallery[45] at the Museum of Anthropology; a gift to support Northwest Coast art studies[46] and the Audain Visual Artists-in-Residence Program/School for the Contemporary Arts at Simon Fraser University (recognized with naming the main exhibition space the Audain Gallery);[47] the acquisition of a Bill Reid OBC masterpiece[48] for The Royal BC Museum; the annual Emerging Artist Scholarship at YVR Art Foundation;[49] the Audain Art Studio at Brentwood College;[50] the Audain Great Hall at the Bill Reid Gallery of Northwest Coast Art;[51] the Gordon Smith Gallery of Canadian Art;[52] the Audain Distinguished Artist-in-Residence Program[53] and the Audain Faculty of Visual Arts[54] at Emily Carr University of Arts + Design; the Audain Chief Curator Endowment Fund and the new building[55] for The Polygon Gallery (previously Presentation House Gallery) in North Vancouver; the Arts Umbrella capital campaign for a new building;[56] and the Audain Art Museum building[57] and art acquisitions.

In 2004, the annual Audain Prize for the Visual Arts was established to recognize the outstanding achievements of British Columbia's senior artists.[58] The $100,000 award is now administered by the Audain Art Museum.

Grizzly Bear Foundation

A close encounter with a grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) and her three cubs inspired Michael Audain to establish and fund a registered charitable organization in 2016,[59] dedicated to the welfare of grizzly bears. The Grizzly Bear Foundation supports the conservation and preservation of grizzly bears through research and public education. It commissioned a Board of Enquiry to travel the province of British Columbia in the fall of 2016 to seek information from individuals and organizations that have an interest in the grizzly bear. The report summarizing the findings of this Enquiry was submitted to the Provincial Government in March 2017.[60] The Foundation is governed by a Board of Directors chaired by Stuart McLaughlin and managed by Executive Director Nicholas Scapillati.

Personal life

Activism

During the 1960s Michael Audain led a colourful life as a social activist. At the University of British Columbia he founded and was President of the Nuclear Disarmament Club,[61] which among other initiatives, organized peace marches. In 1962 Audain organized the largest peace march in Vancouver since the 1930s. Also at the University of British Columbia, together with a group of faculty members, Audain founded The Penthouse Radical Society, which met monthly on the top floor of the Faculty of Arts Buchanan Building to discuss social and economic issues.

Audain also served as an editor of the international magazine, Our Generation Against Nuclear War,[62] and was also a delegate to the 1961 founding convention of Canada's New Democratic Party.

In the summer of 1961, he saw action as a Freedom Rider in the United States south, being sentenced in Jackson, Mississippi to a jail term and a $250 fine. He served part of his sentence in the city jail in Jackson, as well as the Mississippi State Penitentiary at Parchman.[63][64][65][66][67]

Together with a group of University of British Columbia faculty, Audain was instrumental in founding the BC Civil Liberties Association in 1962,[68] the first executive meeting being held in his Kitsilano Vancouver, apartment. Later he served for two years as Executive Secretary of the BCCLA before leaving Canada for New York City and eventually London.

While a student in London, Audain was an active member of the campaign to end the Vietnam War, and was also involved in left wing student activity.

Sports and recreation

The only sport that Michael Audain excelled at was amateur boxing, winning the Glenlyon School cup as the best boxer. As a member of the Victoria City Police Boxing Club, Audain fought in over two dozen tournaments in the Pacific Northwest, winning a third of his fights. Among them was the Vancouver Island Silver Gloves Championship.

Awards and honours
  1. Queen's Golden Jubilee Medal (2002)[69]
  2. Order of BC (2007)[70]
  3. Order of Canada (2009)[71]
  4. Queen's Diamond Jubilee Medal (2012)[72]

Honorary degrees
  1. Doctor of Letters – Emily Carr University of Art + Design (2005)
  2. Doctor of Laws – Simon Fraser University (2005)
  3. Doctor of Laws – University of Victoria (2009)
  4. Doctor of Laws – University of British Columbia (2014)
  5. Doctor of Laws - Vancouver Island University (2017)

Industry

Michael Audain is a Governor and past Chairman of the Business Council of British Columbia, and a past President of the Urban Development Institute Pacific Region.

  1. Builder of the Year Award – Urban Development Institute Pacific Region (1987)
  2. Homebuilders Association Vancouver Hall of Fame (2005)
  3. Business Laureate of the British Columbia Hall of Fame (2009)
  4. Member Urban Development Institute Hall of Fame (2012)[73]

Culture
  1. Edmund C. Bovey Award – Business for the Arts (2004)
  2. British Columbia Museums Association Award for Distinguished Service (2005)
  3. Simon Fraser University President's Distinguished Community Leadership Award (2008)
  4. Greater Vancouver Board of Trade Community Leadership Award (2008)
  5. Vancouver Biennale Philanthropy in the Arts Award (2011)[74]
  6. Vancouver Mayor's Arts Award for Philanthropy (2012)
  7. Royal Canadian Academy of Arts Medal (2013)
  8. Greater Vancouver Board of Trade Rix Award for Engaged Community Citizenship (2017)
  9. Canadian Museums Association President's Award (2017)
  10. Royal Architectural Institute of Canada, Metro Vancouver Chapter, Architecture Advocacy Award (2017)
  11. Alma Mater Society, University of British Columbia Great Trekker Award (2019)[75]
gollark: Oh, I see.
gollark: You just said "No they could turn into a thing that could turn into a person".
gollark: It's transitive, though: if thing A can become thing B, and thing B can become thing C, then thing A can indirectly become thing C.
gollark: * turn into a person
gollark: They could turn into one, though, just with lower probability.

References
  1. Mitham, Peter. "BCBusiness". BCBusiness. Retrieved 2020-05-26. See section on Real Estate #5
  2. "Vancouver Magazine". Vancouver Magazine. Retrieved 2020-05-26. See #11 Michael Audain
  3. Audain, Michael J. (1973). Beyond shelter: a study of National Housing Act financed housing for the elderly. Ottawa: Canadian Council on Social Development. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
  4. Sexty, Robert W. (1982). Housing Corporation of British Columbia, Volume 125, Part 3, Case study 1.73 entitled "Privatising the Housing Corporation". Ottawa: Institute of Public Administration of Canada. Retrieved July 9, 2014. Refers to history of Housing Corporation of British Columbia (formerly Dunhill Development Ltd.) and the sale by W.K. Paulus to the Provincial Government
  5. Audain, Michael; Duvall, Elain (December 15, 1992). Commissioners of the Provincial Commission on Housing Options, report entitled "New Directions in Affordability" (PDF) (Report). Vancouver. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
  6. Humphreys, Tommy (August 23, 2012). "Life in Perspective: Rick Genest". CEO.ca. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
  7. Sherlock, Tracy (2012). "Densification forces builders to get creative – Polygon Homes CEO Neil Chrystal talks about what makes his favourite projects work". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
  8. Cairns, Susan (Fall 1996). "Audain at the Helm". Urban Development Institute Pacific Region Urban Development Report.
  9. Mithan, Peter (December 2003). "Michael Audain Profile Home Runs". Business in Vancouver.
  10. Lederman, Marsha. "Vancouver Art Gallery Foundation chairman Michael Audain leaves board". Retrieved 2020-05-27.
  11. Laurence, Robin (Summer 2010). "The Art of Place". University of British Columbia magazine Trek. Archived from the original on 2014-09-03. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
  12. Cotter, Sam (March 15, 2013). "Michael Audain: A Love of Art". Canadian Art. Archived from the original on September 3, 2014. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
  13. Lederman, Marsha (October 28, 2011). "Ínside Michael Audain's personal art collection". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
  14. Bramham, Daphne (2016-03-03). "A profile of one of Canada's most important art collectors (with video)". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
  15. Atkinson, Cathryn. "The masks reveal their stories". Pique. Retrieved 2020-05-26.
  16. Ryan, Denise (November 9, 2008). "The Return of a Warrior". The Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on September 12, 2014. Retrieved July 30, 2014. Refers to the repatriation of a potlatch figure to the U’Mista Cultural Society in Alert Bay, British Columbia.
  17. Saunders, Frances Stonor (2013-06-29). "Mexican modernism and the politics of painting". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-05-26.
  18. Laurence, Robin (October 26, 2011). "Shore, Forest and Beyond: Art From the Audain Collection brings the private into the public". The Georgia Straight. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
  19. Pique Staff. "Art Collector Michael Audain signs Memorandum of Understanding with RMOW for new art museum". Pique. Retrieved 2016-11-10.
  20. Bozikovic, Alex. "Audain Art Museum is an urban cultural statement that stands out". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2016-11-10.
  21. Atkinson, Cathryn. "A promised gift". Pique. Retrieved 2016-11-10.
  22. Baker, Rafferty (March 3, 2016). "Whistler's Audain Art Museum opens to the public". CBC News. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
  23. Laurence, Robin (2012-12-04). "Haida artist Jim Hart pays tribute to the salmon". The Georgia Straight. Retrieved 2020-05-26.
  24. Atkinson, Cathryn. "Fifteen works by painter E.J. Hughes donated to Audain Art Museum". Pique. Retrieved 2020-05-26.
  25. Atkinson, Cathryn. "Mexican modernists opening exhibition at Audain Art Museum". Pique. Retrieved 2020-05-26.
  26. Atkinson, Cathryn. "Dali, Turner art coming to Whistler in new Audain show". Pique. Retrieved 2016-11-10.
  27. Atkinson, Cathryn. "Audain Art Museum fund gets million-dollar donation". Pique. Retrieved 2016-11-10.
  28. Sandals, Leah. "Jean Paul Riopelle Foundation Launches in Montreal". Canadian Art. Retrieved 2020-05-26.
  29. Harris, Michael (March 1, 2009). "The Philanthropist". Vancouver Magazine. Archived from the original on September 3, 2014. Retrieved July 29, 2014.
  30. Mitham, Peter. "Top 100 2019: B.C.'s biggest companies by industry". BCBusiness. Retrieved 2020-05-26. See section on Charities #1
  31. Helfenbaum, Wendy (Winter 2010). "NationBuilder". Lifestyles Magazine. Profile on Michael Audain.
  32. Nanton, Katie. "Philanthropist Michael Audain". MONTECRISTO. Retrieved 2020-05-26.
  33. Shaefer, Glen (2016-09-09). "New foundation aims to protect B.C.'s grizzly bears". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
  34. Cision Newswire. "National Gallery Of Canada Honours Michael Audain and Yoshiko Karasawa for a Decade of Philanthropy". Cision Newswire. National Gallery Of Canada. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  35. Lowe, Eric (2018-03-23). "Arts Umbrella Announces Major Contributions for Relocation on Granville Island". Arts Umbrella. Retrieved 2020-05-26.
  36. "Vancouver Art Gallery Foundation Donors". www.vanartgallery.bc.ca. Retrieved 2020-05-26. Refers to Audain Foundation endowments
  37. da Silva, Michelle (September 10, 2013). "Vancouver Art Gallery student memberships subsidized by Audain Foundation". Georgia Straight. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
  38. Chamberlain, Adrian. "Audain gives Victoria art gallery a $2-million building boost". Times Colonist. Retrieved 2020-05-26. Also refers to an aboriginal curatorial fellowship supported by the Audain Curator of First Nations Art Endowment Fund.
  39. Chamberlain, Adrian. "Audain gives Victoria art gallery a $2-million building boost". Times Colonist. Retrieved 2020-06-02.
  40. Student Learning: A Visionary Giving Strategy for Visual Arts (Report). University of British Columbia. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
  41. "Canadian arts philanthropist's $5-million gift creates major new arts centre at UBC". University of British Columbia. April 4, 2012.
  42. Dickson, Leslie; 2017 (2017-03-30). "Reconciliation Pole installed on UBC Vancouver campus". UBC News. Retrieved 2017-05-29.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  43. Mackie, John (July 22, 2020). "Audain Foundation endows historical Indigenous art curator at UBC". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  44. "Last privately held object from Captain Cook's collection donated to UBC Museum of Anthropology". UBC News. 2012-03-20. Retrieved 2020-05-26.
  45. Mackie, John (December 9, 2009). "Michael Audain gives $2.5 million to UBC Museum of Anthropology". The Vancouver Sun. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
  46. "SFU receives landmark gift of Bill Reid art". Ha-Shilth-Sa Newspaper. 2011-09-15. Retrieved 2020-05-26.
  47. "SFU News Online - Audain donates $2 million to Contemporary Arts building - January 24, 2008". www.sfu.ca. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
  48. "Audain Foundation Donates $750,000 to Royal BC Museum". Museum Publicity. 2011-02-19. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
  49. "YVR Art Foundation Donors". yvraf.com. Retrieved 2020-05-26.
  50. "Business Leader, Inspiring Philanthropist and Generous Brentwood Grandfather". Brentwood College School. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
  51. Lederman, Marsha. "Opening date set for Bill Reid gallery". Retrieved 2020-05-26. Refers to Audain Foundation donation of $1 million resulting in the naming of the Audain Great Hall.
  52. Lindell, Rebecca (June 26, 2010). "New digs for North Van art collection". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
  53. "Audain Distinguished Artist-in-Residence Program". Emily Carr University of Art + Design. 2012. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
  54. Lederman, Marsha (March 7, 2013). "Audain donates $5 million to Emily Carr for visual arts school". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
  55. Richter, Brent (November 25, 2014). "$4-million gift for new Presentation House Gallery home". North Shore News. Retrieved 27 November 2014. Refers to Audain Foundation contributing $2 Million.
  56. Lowe, Eric (2018-03-23). "Arts Umbrella Announces Major Contributions for Relocation on Granville Island". Arts Umbrella. Retrieved 2020-05-26.
  57. Laurence, Robin. "Whistler Wonders: Michael Audain Builds a Museum - Canadian Art". Canadian Art. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
  58. Foundation, The Audain (2019-09-24). "$100,000 Audain Prize for Visual Art awarded to Stan Douglas". GlobeNewswire News Room. Retrieved 2020-05-26.
  59. Hume, Mark. "New B.C. charity founded to protect province's grizzly bears". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2016-11-10.
  60. Marketwired (2017-03-07). "Dark days ahead for British Columbia's grizzly bears". marketwired.com/. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
  61. Isitt, Benjamin (2011). Militant Minority: British Columbia Workers and the Rise of the New Left, 1948-1972. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Retrieved June 24, 2014. see footnotes 132 and 133
  62. Wittner, Lawrence S. (1997). The Struggle Against the Bomb. California: Stanford University Press. Retrieved June 24, 2014. Refers to the magazine, Our Generation Against Nuclear War
  63. Lederman, Marsha (2011). "B.C. Philanthropist Michael Audain: 'accidental Freedom Rider'". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
  64. Simpson, Peter (2014-09-04). "Polygon chairman took part in dangerous Freedom Rides, Michael Audain travelled to Jackson, Mississippi in 1961 to join a group of courageous bus riders protesting against racism in the U.S". Archived from the original on 2014-09-04. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
  65. Silver, Carol Ruth (2014). Freedom Rider Diary: Smuggled Notes from Parchman Prison. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
  66. Etheridge, Eric (2008). Breach of Peace – Portraits of the 1961 Mississippi Freedom Riders. New York: Atlas & Co. pp. 79, 77, 84, 85 and 228.
  67. Arsenault, Raymond (2006). Freedom Riders – 1961 and the Struggle for Racial Justice. Oxford University Press. pp. 310, 356, 357, 549 and 631.
  68. Mulgrew, Ian (2012). "BC Civil Liberties Association marks 50 years of fighting for rights". Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on September 12, 2014. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
  69. "The Governor General of Canada, Queen Elizabeth II's Golden Jubilee Medal". 2002.
  70. "2007 Recipient: Michael Audain – West Vancouver : Order of BC". 2007. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
  71. "The Governor General of Canada, Order of Canada". 2009.
  72. "The Governor General of Canada, Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee Medal". 2012.
  73. "2012 UDI Awards for Excellence". Westcoast Homes & Design.ca. November 14, 2012. Refers to Michael Audain's induction into Urban Development Institute Hall of Fame.
  74. "The Vancouver Biennale Honoured Yishu's Managing Editor Zheng Shengtian with the 2011 Lifetime Achievement Award". Yishu: Journal of Contemporary Chinese Art. November 1, 2011. Retrieved July 23, 2014. Refers to Michael Audain receiving the Vancouver Biennale Philanthropy in the Arts Award.
  75. Alma Mater Society. "Trek Online - Spring 2019 - Class Acts - Great Trekker - Michael Audain". Trek Magazine UBC. Retrieved 2020-05-26.

See also

Raymond Arsenault, Freedom Riders 1961 and the Struggle for Racial Justice, Oxford University Press 2006
James Audain, From Coal Mine to Castle, Pageant Press 1955
James Audain, My Borrowed Life, Gray's Publishing 1962
Henry Coolridge, Six Months in the West Indies in 1825, John Murray 1826
Eric Etheridge, Breach of Peace, Atlas & Co. 2008
James Gaskin, Irish Varieties, William B. Kelly 1869
Peter C. Newman, Titans: How the New Canadian Establishment Seized Power, McLelland & Stewart 1998
Terry Reksten, The Dunsmuir Saga, Douglas & Macintyre 1991
Ian Thom and Grant Arnold, Shore, Forest and Beyond: Art from the Audain Collection, Douglas & McIntyre 2011
Ian Thom, Masterworks from the Audain Art Museum, Whistler, Figure 1 2015
Audain Art Museum, Mexican Modernists: Orozco, Rivera, Siqueiros & Tamayo, Hemlock Printers Ltd. 2016

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