Melaleuca nodosa

Melaleuca nodosa, commonly known as the prickly-leaved paperbark, is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a shrub or small tree with narrow, sometimes needle-like leaves and profuse heads of yellow flowers as early as April or as late as January.

Prickly-leaved paperbark
M. nodosa in Maranoa Gardens
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Myrtales
Family:	Myrtaceae
Genus:	Melaleuca
Species:	M. nodosa
Binomial name
Melaleuca nodosa (Sol. ex Gaertn.) Sm.[1]
Synonyms[2]
Metrosideros nodosa Sol. ex Gaertn.

Description

Melaleuca nodosa is a shrub or small tree, sometimes growing to 10 m (30 ft) tall with thick, papery bark. The stiff linear leaves are rather variable in size and shape, but usually linear to almost terete, 10–40 mm (0.4–2 in) long and 0.5–1.5 mm (0.02–0.06 in) wide, tapering to a sharp tip.[2][3]

The flowers are white to yellow and arranged in dense heads or short spikes on the ends of branches that continue to grow after flowering and sometimes also in the upper leaf axils. Each head is up to 30 mm (1 in) in diameter and contains up to 20 groups of flowers in threes. The petals are 1.8–2.3 mm (0.07–0.09 in) long and fall off as the flower matures. There are five bundles of stamens around the flower, each with 7 to 10 stamens. Flowering occurs from September to November, most prevalent in October but often at other times of the year. The fruit that follow are woody, cup-shaped capsules, 3–5 mm (0.1–0.2 in) long, 2–3 mm (0.08–0.1 in) wide, usually in tight, globular clusters along the stems.[2][3][4][5][6]

Melaleuca nodosa in the Gibraltar Range National Park

Taxonomy

German botanist Joseph Gaertner was the first to formally describe the prickly-leaved paperbark from material in the collection of Joseph Banks, as Metrosideros nodosa, in his De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum in 1788.[7][8] James Edward Smith gave it its current binomial name in 1797.[1][9] The specific epithet (nodosa) is from the Latin nodosus meaning "knotty" or "knobby"[10] possibly referring to the shape of the fruiting clusters.[2]

Distribution

Melaleuca nodosa occurs on the coast and tablelands of Queensland and New South Wales from the Blackdown Tableland National Park south to Campbelltown in the Sydney Basin.[2] It grows on alluvial soils, from sandy through shale- to clay-based, as well as heathlands, and can form dense stands (thickets). Areas it grows in often have poor drainage. Associated heathland species include bracelet honey myrtle (Melaleuca armillaris), heath banksia (Banksia ericifolia), smooth-barked apple (Angophora costata) and red bloodwood (Corymbia gummifera), and woodland species scribbly gum (Eucalyptus sclerophylla), Parramatta red gum (E. parramattensis), narrow-leaved apple (Angophora bakeri), and white feather honeymyrtle (Melaleuca decora).[6] Its presence in wallum heathland can indicate a patch of saltier soil.[11]

Ecology

Native bees, honeybees and possibly beetles and flies pollinate the flowers of this species.[6] Melaleuca nodosa has been recorded as a host for the mistletoe species Amyema congener, A. gaudichaudii, Dendrophthoe curvata and D. vitellina.[12]

Use in cultivation

Melaleuca nodosa adapts readily to cultivation and grows best in full sun and with extra moisture. Although it is not widely grown,[5] it has potential as a hedging plant,[13] including in areas exposed to salt spray.[14]

Gallery

• 
  M. nodosa growing near Karuah
• 
  M. nodosa in the Australian National Botanic Gardens
• 
  M. nodosa bark
• 
  M. nodosa fruit
• 
  M. nodosa leaves and flowers in the ANBG

References

1. "Melaleuca nodosa". APNI. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
2. Brophy, Joseph J.; Craven, Lyndley A.; Doran, John C. (2013). Melaleucas : their botany, essential oils and uses. Canberra: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. p. 253. ISBN 9781922137517.
3. Holliday, Ivan (2004). Melaleucas : a field and garden guide (2nd ed.). Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Reed New Holland Publishers. pp. 202–203. ISBN 1876334983.
4. G. Wilson. "New South Wales Flora Online: Melaleuca nodosa". Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia.
5. Walters, Brian (February 2010). "Melaleuca nodosa". Australian Native Plants Society (Australia) website. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
6. Benson, Doug; McDougall, Lyn (1998). "Ecology of Sydney plant species:Part 6 Dicotyledon family Myrtaceae" (PDF). Cunninghamia. 5 (4): 809–987.
7. Gaertner, Joseph (1788). De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum (Volume 1). p. 172. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
8. "Metrosideros nodosa". APNI. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
9. Smith, James Edward (1797). "Botanical Characters of Some Plants of the Natural Order of Myrti". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 3: 276–277. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
10. Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 560.
11. Bryan, W. (1973). "A review of research findings concerned with pastoral development on the wallum of south-eastern Queensland" (PDF). Tropical Grasslands. 7 (2): 175–94.
12. Downey, Paul O. (1998). "An inventory of host species for each aerial mistletoe species (Loranthaceae and Viscaceae) in Australia" (PDF). Cunninghamia. 5 (3): 685–720.
13. Oakman, Harry (1995). Harry Oakman's What Flowers When: The Complete Guide to Flowering Times in Tropical and Subtropical Gardens. Univ. of Queensland Press. p. 129. ISBN 0702228397.
14. Wrigley, John W.; Fagg, Murray (1983). Australian native plants : a manual for their propagation, cultivation and use in landscaping (2 ed.). Sydney: Collins. p. 267. ISBN 0002165759.