Max Manus: Man of War

Max Manus: Man of War is a 2008 Norwegian biographical war film based on the real events of the life of resistance fighter Max Manus (9 December 1914 – 20 September 1996). The story follows Manus (Aksel Hennie) from the Winter War against the Soviet Union, through the outbreak of World War II and the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany until peacetime in 1945. The film is based on Max Manus's own books Det vil helst gå godt and Det blir alvor, as well as other accounts and historical documentation. The film stays largely historically accurate, but omits some events, and moves some of the supporting characters around to show them taking part in events in place of others. The production included around 1,800 extras and 2,000 workers behind the cameras.

Max Manus
Theatrical release poster
Directed byJoachim Rønning
Espen Sandberg
Produced bySveinung Golimo
John M. Jacobsen
Written byThomas Nordseth-Tiller
StarringAksel Hennie
Nicolai Cleve Broch
Agnes Kittelsen
Ken Duken
Petter Næss
Music byTrond Bjerknes
CinematographyGeir Hartly Andreassen
Edited byAnders Refn
Release date
  • 19 December 2008 (2008-12-19)
Running time
118 minutes
CountryNorway
LanguageNorwegian
German
English
BudgetUS$5.9 million
Box officeUS$15.3 million

The film's premiere was attended by King Harald V, "Tikken" Manus, Gunnar Sønsteby along with other notable individuals. Reception from critics was largely positive. Max Manus also sparked a public debate about the role of the Norwegian resistance movement during the German occupation.

Plot

After fighting the Soviets as a volunteer during the Winter War in Finland, Max Manus, now haunted by his experiences there, returns to Norway, finding it occupied by the Nazis. He joins with the Norwegian resistance movement in their fight against the Germans, producing illegal public propaganda, but his cell is soon detected and he is arrested after jumping out a window. After being hospitalised, he manages to escape to Scotland where he receives British Commando training before being sent back to Norway to carry out sabotage and disinformation missions against the occupying forces. Returning to Norway with his friend Gregers Gram, his first mission is an attack on German supply ships. He is spectacularly successful, and soon he becomes a special target for the local Gestapo chief Siegfried Fehmer. Manus, however, avoids capture, and with Gram and Gunnar Sønsteby he forms the so-called "Oslo Gang" and along with others, he receives a medal from the Norwegian king.

Stockholm in neutral Sweden becomes a meeting point for Norwegians in allied military service. Here Gram introduces Manus to "Tikken", a married woman who works as a Norwegian contact for the British consulate, and the two soon develop a close relationship. As the war becomes more and more brutal, many of Manus' friends lose their lives in the struggle against the Germans, and he starts to blame himself for being the one who survives. Late in the war he succeeds in sinking the SS Donau which was sunk on 16 January 1945. After the war, at a loss due to his poor future prospects, he meets an imprisoned Fehmer and realises that everyone is just a victim of the meaninglessness of war.[1]

Cast

Production
Extras in German uniforms marching through the streets of Oslo during the filming of Max Manus
The Nazi-German flag flying over the Parliament of Norway Building during the film production
Gunnar Sønsteby and Knut Joner being interviewed by Nettavisen on location in Oslo. Sønsteby said that when he first saw Joner he thought "You look like an insignificant dope. You look just like me."

The film received support from the Norwegian Film Fund on 3 December 2007, and filming started in February 2008.[2] With a budget of over 50 million kr, the production was enormous by Norwegian standards. Around 1,800 extras were involved, and around 2,000 people worked behind the camera.[3] To produce a realistic effect, parts of Oslo were transformed into an early–1940s look, a process that included flying the flag of Nazi Germany from the roof of the parliament building, for the first time in over 60 years.[3] Some large sets from Stockholm, Sweden, are sequences from the Swedish film 1939 which was released in 1989.

Historical debate

In the lead-up to the film's premiere, a concern was raised by the writer Erling Fossen that the story presented was a glorification of reality. Fossen claimed that the effort of the Norwegian resistance movement during the war was inefficient, irresponsible, and in some cases directly counter-productive.[4] The general response from academic historians was that, even though a critical debate about the role of the resistance movement was necessary, Fossen's arguments were overstated and largely based on ignorance.[5] Historian Lars Borgersrud has expressed stern criticism of the film's lack of adherence to history. For instance, the film portrays Manus fighting in the Winter War, a war in which Borgersrud claims Manus did not see action at all, despite Max Manus detailing this in his own books. Borgersrud accused Norway's Resistance Museum, which was assisting the film makers in a consultancy capacity, of distorting history. Historian and director at Norway's Resistance Museum, Arnfinn Moland rejected Borgersrud's accusations, stating that there is ample evidence that Manus endured heavy artillery bombardment and machine gun fire in Finland and that this affected him for the rest of his life, including dead and wounded in their unit.[6][7]

Reception

The premiere of Max Manus was an elaborate event, attended by King Harald V as well as 90-year-old Gunnar Sønsteby, one of the resistance fighters portrayed in the film.[8] The King, who himself is old enough to have experienced World War II, was allegedly moved to tears by the film.[9] Both Sønsteby—the only remaining member of Manus' group—and Max Manus' widow, Tikken Manus appreciated the authenticity of the film.[10] Among the other guests were Minister of Defence Anne-Grete Strøm-Erichsen and Minister of Culture Trond Giske.[11]

Per Haddal, writing for the newspaper Aftenposten, gave the film four out of six points. He commended Hennie's effort as Manus, as well as the direction and the high production values. At the same time he found the format of the film overly traditional and lacking in originality.[12] Meanwhile, Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation's Einar Guldvog Staalesen gave the film five points. He pointed out a few glitches in the realism, but generally found the film credible and watchable.[13] Eirik Alver of Dagbladet gave five out of six points and praised the film's technical qualities and Hennie's acting. However, he felt the film was very traditional in its expression, pretending to be a Hollywood production.[14]

Five out of six points were also awarded by Norway's largest newspaper VG and veteran film critic Jon Selås, calling it a gripping portrait "that is a reminder to new generations of the price that was paid to make the Norway we know today".[15] Mode Steinkjer, in the paper Dagsavisen, gave praise to Aksel Hennie for his portraiture of the "adventurer" Max Manus.[16] Geir Jardar Olsen, writing for the website of the largest commercial TV station TV2 called it "one of the best Norwegian films ever made", giving the film six out of six points. He especially praised the film for its credible and warm portrayal of the relationship between Manus and his fellow saboteurs, as well as his romance with future wife Tikken.[17]

The larger papers based outside of Oslo were harder in their critique. They were generally impressed by the film's production values, but found it lacking in nuances in its depiction of the resistance. Many of them compared Max Manus to the Danish film Flammen og Citronen, a film about the Danish resistance released the same year. In Bergens Tidende, critic Astrid Kolbjørnsen gives praise to the film's ending and overall good intentions, but found the acting uneven and the dialogue artificial. Her biggest accusation was that "Max Manus" lacked nuances, with no moral dilemmas.[18] In an interview with the paper's television channel, she drew the comparison to Flammen og Citronen, calling the latter a better and more complex film.[18][19] Terje Eidsvåg of the Trondheim paper Adresseavisa called Hennie's portrayal of Max Manus "a Norwegian Rambo", and found the film "black and white" with "no moral gray areas", falling short to Flammen og Citronen as well as the Dutch Black Book.[20] Stavanger Aftenblad's critic, Kristin Ålen, praised "Max Manus" acting and the film's ending. However, she expressed a need for a film that dares to question the liquidations conducted by the Norwegian resistance, and like her colleagues she drew parallels to Flammen og Citronen.[21] These three newspapers awarded four, four and five points respectively.

The film was seen by around 140,500 people on its opening weekend, a national record for a Norwegian film. The previous record of 101,564 was set earlier the same year by the horror film Cold Prey 2.[9] The film remained popular through its second week. During the Christmas weekend—traditionally a period of many high-profile premières—Max Manus was seen by 133,923 people, which corresponded to 55% of all cinema visitors. This was 100,000 more visitors than the next film on the list—Yes Man starring Jim Carrey.[22] In the first two weeks the film has been seen by over 317,000 people.[23] By 27 December 2009, 1,161,855 tickets had been sold.[24]

In 2009 Max Manus became the first Norwegian film ever to be chosen for a gala viewing at the Toronto International Film Festival in Toronto, Ontario.[25][26] The Toronto presentation would be the film's international premiere.[25]

2009 Amanda Awards

With seven Amanda Awards, Max Manus became the largest Amanda winner at the 2009 Norwegian International Film Festival:[27]

An illegal copy of the film appeared on file sharing networks less than two weeks after release. According to producer John M. Jacobsen, the recording appeared to have been made in an empty theater, which raised suspicion that a projectionist may have been involved.[28] The matter was reported to the police for investigation.[29]

gollark: I mean, possible, but somewhat difficult and potentially bees.
gollark: Probably, but I don't really know.
gollark: Nope. Not that I know of. The most it can do is album art.
gollark: ↑
gollark: Oh hey, the song changed.

References
  1. "Max Manus" (in Norwegian). Norwegian Film Fund. 3 December 2007. Archived from the original on 17 December 2007. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
  2. "Aksel Hennie skal spille Max Manus". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). 3 December 2007. Retrieved 18 December 2008.
    Thorkildsen, Joakim (6 February 2008). "Disse skal lage norsk krigsfilm til 50 mill". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). Retrieved 18 December 2008.
  3. Solheim, Erik Møller (13 December 2008). "Tidsmaskinen". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). Retrieved 18 December 2008.
  4. Fossen, Erling (14 December 2008). "Motstand glorifiseres". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Retrieved 18 December 2008.
  5. Nordstoga, Anders (16 December 2008). "Historikere støtter Sønsteby". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Retrieved 18 December 2008.
  6. Rossland, Irene Elisabeth; Pettersen, Elisabeth Amb (22 December 2008). "- Bare tøv i Max-Manus-film" (in Norwegian). NRK. Retrieved 22 December 2008.
  7. Stokka, Pål (22 December 2008). "- "Max Manus" ville snudd seg i graven". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). Retrieved 22 December 2008.
  8. "- Et viktig kapittel i norsk krigshistorie". Verdens Gang (in Norwegian). 17 December 2008. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
  9. Thorkildsen, Joakim (22 December 2008). ""Max Manus" setter ny norsk kinorekord". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). Retrieved 22 December 2008.
  10. Kleive, Marie L. (17 December 2008). "Kan sette billettrekord". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). Retrieved 18 December 2008.
  11. "Billedspesial". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). 17 December 2008. Archived from the original on 21 December 2008. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
  12. Haddal, Per (17 December 2008). "Flott,men friksjonsfri". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 19 December 2008. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
  13. Staalesen, Einar Guldvog (17 December 2008). "Vellykket Max Manus" (in Norwegian). Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
  14. Alver, Eirik (17 December 2008). "Garantert kassasuksess". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). Retrieved 17 December 2008.
  15. Selås, Jon (18 December 2008). "Stor "Max Manus"". Verdens Gang (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 19 December 2008. Retrieved 18 December 2008.
  16. Steinkjer, Mode. "Max effektiv Manus-film". Dagsavisen (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 19 December 2008. Retrieved 18 December 2008.
  17. Olsen, Geir Jardar (17 December 2008). "Tidenes beste norske film" (in Norwegian). TV2. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
  18. Kolbjørnsen, Astrid (17 December 2008). "Vinglete jacket på nyanser". Bergens Tidende (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 19 December 2008. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
  19. Kolbjørnsen, Astrid (17 December 2008). "Max Manus skuffer". Bergens Tidende (in Norwegian). Retrieved 17 December 2008.
  20. Eidsvåg, Terje (17 December 2008). "Sønner av Norge vinner krigen". Adresseavisa (in Norwegian). Retrieved 17 December 2008.
  21. Ålen, Kristin (17 December 2008). "Et manus om Max med for lite sprengstoff". Stavanger Aftenblad (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 20 December 2008. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
  22. Kleve, Marie L. (29 December 2008). "Max Manus knuste julefilmene". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). Retrieved 29 December 2008.
  23. Johansen, Øystein David (29 December 2008). "Max Manus vant julen". VG (in Norwegian). Retrieved 29 December 2008.
  24. Aune, Oddvin (28 December 2009). "Rekordår for norsk barnefilm". Retrieved 29 December 2009.
  25. Ulateig, Frøydis Angard (15 July 2009). "Max Manus til Toronto". P4 Radio Hele Norge (in Norwegian). Retrieved 15 July 2009.
  26. "TIFF Announces Galas And Special Presentations". Toronto International Film Festival. 14 July 2009. Archived from the original on 8 March 2010. Retrieved 15 July 2009.
  27. 2009 Amanda Winners Archived 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  28. Bjørkeng, Per Kristian (3 January 2009). "Kinomaskinist piratkopierte Max Manus". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Retrieved 30 June 2009.
  29. Rossland, Irene Elisabeth (19 December 2008). "Jakter på Max Manus-pirat". NRK. Retrieved 1 February 2009.

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