Marina Bay Street Circuit

The Marina Bay Street Circuit (otherwise known as the Singapore Street Circuit) is a street circuit around Marina Bay, Singapore, encompassing the planning areas of Downtown Core (Turns 4 to 23) and Kallang (Turns 1 to 3).[2][3] It is the venue for the Singapore Grand Prix.[4] The track is 5.063 km (3.146 mi)[5] long in a harbourside location similar in style to the Circuit de Monaco and the Valencia Street Circuit.

Marina Bay Street Circuit
Singapore Marina Bay Street Circuit
Location Downtown Core and Kallang
Time zoneSST (UTC+08:00)
Coordinates1°17′29.51″N 103°51′49.86″E
Capacity90,000
FIA Grade1
Broke ground31 August 2007 (2007-08-31)
Opened31 August 2008 (2008-08-31)
Construction cost~ S$33 million[1]
ArchitectHermann Tilke
Former namesSingapore Street Circuit
Major eventsFormula One
Singapore Grand Prix
(2008–Present)
Porsche Carrera Cup Asia
(2015–Present)
Ferrari Challenge Asia-Pacific
(2017–Present)
GP2 Series
(2012–2013)
TCR International Series
(2015–2016)
Current circuit with reprofiled turns 16-17
(2018–present)
SurfaceAsphalt
Length5.063 km (3.146 mi)
Turns23
Race lap record1:41.905 ( Kevin Magnussen, Haas-Ferrari, 2018)
Revised circuit with reprofiled turns 11-13
(2015–2017)
SurfaceAsphalt
Length5.065 km (3.147 mi)
Turns23
Race lap record1:45.008 ( Lewis Hamilton, Mercedes, 2017)
Revised circuit with the Singapore Sling chicane removed (2013–2014)
SurfaceAsphalt
Length5.061 km (3.147 mi)
Turns23
Race lap record1:48.574 ( Sebastian Vettel, Red Bull-Renault, 2013)
Original circuit (2008–2012)
SurfaceAsphalt
Length5.073 km (3.152 mi)
Turns23
Race lap record1:45.599 ( Kimi Räikkönen, Ferrari, 2008)

The circuit is designed by KBR, Inc.,[6] a modification of the original one first proposed by Hermann Tilke.[6] The circuit has a FIA Grade 1 license.[7] The circuit holds a unique record of having at least one safety car appearance in every race to date. There has been a total of 21 safety car deployments in twelve races.[8][9][10]

Characteristics
The Singapore Formula 1 Pit Building before the 2014 Singapore Grand Prix.
The 'Singapore Sling' chicane (pictured in 2008) was removed before the 2013 Singapore Grand Prix.

On the day of confirmation of the Singapore Grand Prix in the 2008 Formula One season, a routemap was published.[11] The pit area of the circuit is located in an empty plot of land off Republic Boulevard and beside the Singapore Flyer. A temporary track leads from the pit area and under the Benjamin Sheares Bridge to Republic Boulevard and turns onto Raffles Boulevard. It then proceeds along Nicoll Highway, Stamford Road and Saint Andrew's Road around the Padang, past the City Hall.

The track then goes onto the Anderson Bridge, past the Fullerton Hotel and make a tight left turn to Esplanade Drive beside the Merlion Park. It joins Raffles Avenue and cut right after the Esplanade to the front of The Float @ Marina Bay and return to the pit area via another temporary road around the Singapore Flyer. The track layout is unique in that in between turns 18 and 19, the cars race underneath a section of grandstand of the Floating Platform.

The track was widely criticised by F1 drivers to be excessively bumpy, particularly on Raffles Boulevard between turns 5 and 7, resulting in a very unforgiving circuit, especially given the hot and humid conditions of the Singapore climate. 2008 World Champion Lewis Hamilton commented that it was twice as hard to negotiate than the more famous Monaco street circuit, and unexpectedly physical – requiring double the amount of energy over a single lap as compared to the Monaco circuit.[12]

Several drivers, including Sébastien Bourdais and Fernando Alonso, expressed their concern about the high and harsh kerbs at the chicane at turn 10 of the street circuit. Ferrari's Felipe Massa compared the kerbs akin to "little tortoises that would wreck the car if you get something wrong".[13] The drivers were worried that hitting the bumps could cause suspension damage or even damage a tub. They also raised concerns that the bumps would pitch them into the wall on the outside of the corner. Whilst the FIA had been involved in the development of these kerbs, in response to the drivers' concerns FIA race director and safety delegate Charlie Whiting agreed to lower the kerbs at the turn 10 chicane ahead of Friday's free practice.[14] The kerbs were further reduced in height for Saturday's qualifying round and Sunday's race. The chicane at Turn 10 was reprofiled for the 2010 race in an attempt to make it safer and the turns more gradual by moving the kerbs, however Lewis Hamilton said in an interview this modification made the chicane more dangerous by making the entry to the corner smaller, calling the complex "the worst corner in F1".[15] In 2013, ahead of the race, the chicane was removed and replaced with a left turn, resulting in faster lap times.[16]

The entry of the pit lane, which begins at the penultimate corner of the 23-turn layout, was deemed to be "difficult and incredibly dangerous" by several drivers due to the fast nature of the corners where they were situated.[17] The problem was deemed to be primarily due to the speed differential of those entering the pits and those continuing on another lap and their sharing of the same race line. The controversial pit entry at Singapore was then modified ahead of Saturday's qualifying round by extending the pit entry line away from the pits. This change compelled drivers to commit to the pit entry earlier, providing additional warning to those following behind.[18] In March 2009, three of the circuit's corners were given names after a competition amongst local F1 fans to submit ideas. Turn 1 was named Sheares after Benjamin Henry Sheares, the second president of Singapore; Turn 7 was named Memorial due to its proximity to a Second World War civilian memorial; and Turn 10 was named Singapore Sling.[19] The Singapore Sling was changed for the 2013 Grand Prix and Turn 10 is now a flowing left-hander. Drivers have commented that without the Singapore Sling chicane, the track is much more manageable.

In January 2010, it was reported that race organisers were considering changes to the circuit for the 2011 season.[20] No major changes were made to the layout for the 2011 race, however Singapore Tourism Board has sought submissions on opportunities to reinvigorate the layout or completely relocate it in the future.

For the 2013 season, the FIA approved track configuration changes. Turn 10 chicane, known as 'Singapore Sling' was removed and replaced with a single-apex left-hand bend. Corner entry speed is about 40 km/h faster. To compensate for the increase in speed, an extra layer of TecPro barriers lines the end of the Turn 10 run-off as an added safety measure.[16]

In 2015, the FIA approved minor changes to the layout of the Marina Bay Street Circuit ahead of the 2015 Singapore Grand Prix. The modifications run from Turn 11 to Turn 13; drivers will still turn right at Turn 11 but it will now kink left slightly on entry, with the track shifting to the left-hand side of Fullerton Road. This will change the profile of Turn 12, as drivers will now use the other side of the Anderson Bridge, while the hairpin at Turn 13 has been widened by a metre in order to increase overtaking opportunities.[21]

Others change were made before the 2018 Singapore Grand Prix, reprofiling the track at turns 16 and 17, taking it from a length of 5.065 km to the current 5.063 km.

For the purpose of the night race, approximately 1600 custom-made floodlights are spread around the 5.075 km Marina Bay circuit. The lights, four times brighter than at a regular sports stadium, are specially designed to minimize glare and surface reflection, and to meet F1’s TV broadcasting standards. [22]

A lap in a Formula One car
Satellite view of the course, as it appears while the roads are open to the public

Marina Bay Street Circuit starts with a specially made pit straight with the first DRS zone. The pit straight approaching just below the Benjamin Sheares Bridge at a speed of 308 km/h (191 mph) before braking into left-hand turn one to 126 km/h (78 mph). The opening sequence of turns one, two, and three are shaped like an 'S', a curve to the right for turn two, while turn three is to the left at just 83 km/h (52 mph). Now, the car is on Republic Boulevard (along turn 4) speeding up to 260 km/h (160 mph), then heading to right-hand turn five, braking to 145 km/h (90 mph). On Raffles Boulevard (where the second DRS zone is located), flat-out for turn six, to the fastest part of the circuit at speeds of up to 320 km/h (200 mph). Cars enter the apex at turn seven under heavy braking, slowing from 320 km/h (200 mph) to 111 km/h (69 mph).

Turn the car slightly to the right at the start of Nicoll Highway, picking up the throttle to 205 km/h (127 mph), braking to the right for turn eight to 68 km/h (42 mph), onto Stamford Road at 191 km/h (119 mph), before braking to 115 km/h (71 mph) entering turn nine. The braking leads to the St. Andrews Road (in front of the Padang), reaching speeds of 276 km/h (171 mph). Turn ten is a left-hand turn at 115 km/h (71 mph). Turns eleven, twelve, and thirteen were reprofiled before the 2015 Singapore Grand Prix. Drivers still turn right at turn eleven, but it will now kink left slightly on entry, with the track shifting to the left-hand side of Fullerton Road. This will change the profile of turn twelve, as drivers will now use the other side of the Anderson Bridge at 167 km/h (104 mph), while the hairpin at turn 13 (in front of Fullerton Hotel) has been widened by a metre in order to increase overtaking opportunities with braking to 110 km/h.

The car is now at Esplanade Bridge (where the third DRS zone is located) crossing the Singapore river, building up speed to 285 km/h (177 mph). Turn 14 almost meets turn eight, diverting to the right at 78 km/h (48 mph) onto the Raffles Avenue (in front of Esplanade). Next, a series of mostly blind corners from turn 15 to 19. The cars approach to the front of the floating platform grandstand (turn 16 and 17), then goes under the floating platform grandstand (turn 18 and 19) at 80 km/h (50 mph). At turn 18, cars must turn in at a specific angle, otherwise will brush or crash along the wall. Turn 20 and 21 is just after Bayfront Avenue; a right-hand turn 20, then a left-hand turn 21 that leads the car towards turn 22. How fast the cars approach turn 22 is determined by the exit of turn 21, therefore most of the drivers exit turn 21 very close to the wall to gain a speed advantage. Running down towards turn 22 passes the 165m tall Singapore Flyer, where turn 22 and 23 is taken flat-out at about 180 km/h (110 mph) before picking up the throttle again towards the pit straight across the finish line.

Lap record
CategoryTypeTimeDriverVehicleEvent
Current circuit with reprofiled turns 16-17 (2018–present): 5.063 km
Formula OneOutright1:36.015Lewis HamiltonMercedes AMG F1 W09 EQ Power+2018 Singapore Grand Prix
Race1:41.905Kevin MagnussenHaas VF-18
Revised circuit with reprofiled turns 11-13 (2015–2017): 5.065 km
Formula OneOutright1:39.491Sebastian VettelFerrari SF70H2017 Singapore Grand Prix
Race1:45.008Lewis HamiltonMercedes AMG F1 W08 EQ Power+
Revised circuit with the Singapore Sling chicane removed (2013–2014): 5.061 km
Formula OneOutright1:42.841Sebastian VettelRed Bull RB92013 Singapore Grand Prix
Race1:48.574
Original circuit (2008–2012): 5.073 km
Formula OneOutright1:44.014Felipe MassaFerrari F20082008 Singapore Grand Prix
Race1:45.599Kimi Räikkönen
  • Esplanade stretch of the circuit, one week before the 2008 race
  • Bird's eye view of the circuit, two days before the 2008 race
  • Turn 7 of the circuit; race cars would come against traffic
  • Turn 22
  • The penultimate turn
  • The Stamford Grandstand between Turns 7 and 8
  • The Audience Stand
  • The Raffles Avenue after Turn 14
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See also

References
  1. "Marina Bay Street Circuit Construction Cost". National Library Board Of Singapore. National Library Board Of Singapore. 6 July 2008. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  2. "FORMULA 1 2019 SINGAPORE AIRLINES SINGAPORE GRAND PRIX". www.singaporegp.sg. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
  3. "New OneMap". www.onemap.sg. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
  4. "Singapore confirms 2008 night race". formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 11 May 2007. Archived from the original on 6 July 2008. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
  5. "Track changes ahead of Singapore Grand Prix". formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 22 September 2009. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
  6. "Circuit Guides: Singapore". Hilton Hotels & Resorts. Hilton Worldwide. Archived from the original on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
  7. "LIST OF FIA LICENSED CIRCUITS" (PDF). FIA. 6 February 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
  8. "Singapore stats - Rosberg the third driver to win 200th race". Formula1.com. 19 September 2016. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
  9. "Race - Hamilton wins dramatic wet-dry Grand Prix in 2017 Singapore Grand Prix with 3 safety car periods". Formula1.com. 19 September 2016. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
  10. "Hamilton extends championship advantage with faultless Singapore victory". Formula1.com. 16 September 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
  11. Lim, Julian (11 May 2007). "It's on! Formula One race is coming to Singapore in 2008". AsiaOne. Singapore Press Holdings. Archived from the original on 23 September 2012. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
  12. "Singapore F1 track too bumpy, drivers complain". AsiaOne. Singapore Press Holdings. 27 September 2008. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
  13. Collantine, Keith (25 September 2008). "F1 drivers largely happy with the Singapore track, apart from the tortoises". F1 Fanatic. Keith Collantine. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
  14. "Whiting orders kerb solution". UpdateF1. GMM. 26 September 2008. Archived from the original on 27 September 2008. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
  15. Holt, Sarah (24 September 2010). "Lewis Hamilton criticises Singapore chicane revisions". BBC Sport. Marina Bay Street Circuit, Singapore: BBC. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
  16. "Track modifications to lower lap times in Singapore". formula1.com. Archived from the original on 11 September 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
  17. "Singapore pit-lane is 'incredibly dangerous'". crash.net. Crash Media Group. 27 September 2008. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
  18. "Singapore pit entry altered". UpdateF1. GMM. 27 September 2008. Archived from the original on 29 September 2008. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
  19. "New corner names for Singapore Grand Prix circuit". Formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 20 March 2009. Archived from the original on 22 March 2009. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  20. Strang, Simon (28 January 2010). "Singapore considering layout changes". Autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 29 January 2010.
  21. "Tweaks made to Singapore track layout". Formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 29 July 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
  22. "Race Facts – Singapore Grand Prix". F1Destinations.com. 2 December 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
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