Major adverse cardiovascular events

Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, or major adverse cardiac events) is a composite endpoint frequently used in cardiovascular research,[1] comparable to the composite endpoint all-cause mortality. Despite widespread use of the term in clinical trials, the definitions of MACE can differ, which makes comparison of similar studies difficult.[2]

The so-called "classical 3-point MACE" is defined as a composite of nonfatal stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death.[3][4] But another study defines MACE as "CVD events, admission for HF (Heart Failure), ischemic cardiovascular [CV] events, cardiac death, or MACE".[5] Yet another study defined MACE as "CV death, hospitalization for HF, or myocardial infarction (MI)".[6]

References
  1. Bonora BM, Avogaro A, Fadini GP (2020). "Extraglycemic Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors: A Review of the Evidence". Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy. 13: 161–174. doi:10.2147/DMSO.S233538. PMC 6982447. PMID 32021362.
  2. Kip KE, Hollabaugh K, Marroquin OC, Williams DO (2008). "The problem with composite end points in cardiovascular studies: the story of major adverse cardiac events and percutaneous coronary intervention". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 51 (7): 701–707. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.10.034. PMID 18279733.
  3. de Jong M, van der Worp HB, van der Graaf Y, Visseren FL, Westerink J (2017). "Pioglitazone and the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. A meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials". Cardiovascular Diabetology. 16 (1): 134. doi:10.1186/s12933-017-0617-4. PMC 5644073. PMID 29037211.
  4. Arnott C, Li Q, Kang A, Neuen BL, Bompoint S, Lam CS, Rodgers A, Mahaffey KW, Cannon CP, Perkovic V, Jardine MJ, Neal B (2020). "Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Journal of the American Heart Association. 9 (3): e014908. doi:10.1161/JAHA.119.014908. PMC 7033896. PMID 31992158.
  5. Heianza Y, Ma W, Manson JE, Rexrode KM, Qi L (2017). "Gut Microbiota Metabolites and Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Disease Events and Death: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies". Journal of the American Heart Association. 6 (7): e004947. doi:10.1161/JAHA.116.004947. PMC 5586261. PMID 28663251.
  6. Ramchand J, Patel SK, Srivastava PM, Farouque O, Burrell LM (2018). "Elevated plasma angiotensin converting enzyme 2 activity is an independent predictor of major adverse cardiac events in patients with obstructive coronary artery disease". PLOS One. 13 (6): e0198144. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0198144. PMC 5999069. PMID 29897923.


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