Magnus I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

Magnus I
Magnus I
	Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Born	1304
Died	1369
Noble family	House of Guelph
Spouse(s)	Sophia of Brandenburg-Stendal
	Issue Magnus II; Louis; Albert; Henry
Father	Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Mother	Rixa of Werle

Magnus I (1304–1369), called the Pious (Latin Pius), was duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg.

The son of Albert the Fat, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Magnus was still a minor when his father died in 1318; he and his brother Ernest were put under the guardianship of their elder brother Otto, who continued as sole ruler even after his brothers came of age. After marrying Sophia, a niece of Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor, Magnus was appointed margrave of Landsberg and count palatine of Saxony by the Emperor in 1333. Magnus took residence at Sangerhausen. When Otto died in 1344, Magnus and Ernest jointly took over government of the state; but already on 17 April 1345, they agreed to divide the territory. Magnus received the Principality of Wolfenbüttel.

In 1346, a border war between Wolfenbüttel and the Archbishop of Magdeburg broke out. In exchange for help in this conflict, Magnus sold the Margraviate of Landsberg to Frederick II, Margrave of Meißen. But the Archbishop conquered Schöningen in 1347, and Magnus had to cede Hötensleben and some other possessions to the Archbishop. Financially ruined by the war, Magnus could not stop the cities in the state from acquiring more and more rights; especially the City of Brunswick was becoming more powerful.

In 1348, the Emperor gave Landsberg and the Palatinate of Saxony to Bernard, Prince of Anhalt. The ensuing conflict over these territories between Magnus and Bernard ended amicably with a marriage between Magnus' son Magnus and Catherine, daughter of Bernhard III, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg.

Magnus attempted to secure the Principality of Lüneburg for his son Louis, so that it could be reunited with Wolfenbüttel. The prince of Lüneburg, William II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, a member of the same house to which Magnus belonged, the House of Welf, did not have sons; however, he had already promised the principality to a son of his daughter, a relative of the Duke of Saxony, before he agreed to Magnus' plan. Louis then married William's daughter Matilda. A lengthy conflict broke out that culminated in the Lüneburg Succession War, which was resolved only in 1388.

In 1367, Magnus joined Dietrich, Archbishop of Magdeburg, Albert, Bishop of Halberstadt, Valdemar, Prince of Anhalt, and others in a campaign against Gerhard of Berg, Bishop of Hildesheim; they were defeated by Hildesheim in a battle near Farmsen and Dinklar on 3 September.(de:Schlacht von Dinklar) Magnus was taken prisoner, and had to buy his freedom. He died in summer of 1369.

Family

Around 1327, Magnus married Sophia (died 1356), the daughter of Henry I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal. They had the following children that reached adulthood:

Magnus (died 1373)
Louis (died 1367), married Matilda, daughter of William II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Albert, Prince-Archbishop of Bremen (died 1395)
Henry, Provost of Halberstadt Cathedral
Ernest
Matilda, married Bernhard III, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg
Agnes, married in 1360 to Count Henry of Hohnstein
Sophie, married Count Dietrich V of Hohnstein

Ancestry

Ancestors of Magnus I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

16. William of Winchester, Lord of Lüneburg

8. Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

17. Helena of Denmark

4. Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

18. Albert II, Margrave of Brandenburg

9. Matilda of Brandenburg

19. Matilda of Lusatia

2. Albert the Fat, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

20. William VI, Marquess of Montferrat

10. Boniface II, Marquess of Montferrat

21. Berta di Clavesana

5. Adelheid of Montferrat

22. Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy

11. Margaret of Savoy

23. Marguerite of Burgundy

1. Magnus the Pious, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

24. Henry Borwin II, Lord of Mecklenburg

12. Nicholas I, Prince of Mecklenburg-Werle

25. Kristina of Sweden

6. Henry I, Prince of Mecklenburg-Güstrow

26. Henry I, Count of Anhalt

13. Jutta of Anhalt

27. Irmgard of Thuringia

3. Rixa of Mecklenburg-Werle

28. Magnus Minnesköld

14. Birger Jarl

29. Ingrid Ylva

7. Rikissa Birgersdotter

30. Eric X of Sweden

15. Ingeborg Eriksdotter of Sweden

31. Richeza of Denmark

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References

Regnal titles
Magnus I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg House of Welf Cadet branch of the House of Este Born: 1304 Died: 1369
Preceded by Otto the Mild	Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 1344–1369	Succeeded by Magnus Torquatus

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