Magnisudis atlantica

The Duckbill barracudina (Magnisudis atlantica) is a fish belonging to the genus Magnisudis of the family Paralepidiea. It is a carnivorous fish that is endemic to the Atlantic Ocean (with the exception of the Southern Ocean and Arctic Ocean) and to much of the southern and northern Pacific Ocean.[1][2]

Magnisudis atlantica
Magnisudis atlantica, drawn by Emma Freytag-Kissling

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Actinopterygii
Order:
Aulopiformes
Family:
Paralepididae
Genus:
Magnisudis
Species:
M. atlantica
Binomial name
Magnisudis atlantica
(Krøyer, 1868)
Synonyms
  • Paralepis atlantica Krøyer,1868
  • Paralepis atlantica atlantica Krøyer,1868
  • Paralepis brevis Zugmayer,1911
  • Paralepis bronsoni Parr, 1928
  • Sudis bronsoni Parr, 1928
  • Magnisudis barysoma Harry,1953

Taxonomy

The species was first described by the Danish zoologist Henrik Nikolai Krøyer in 1868. Its genus name Magnisudis is derived from the Latin words magnus ("large") and sudis ("stake"), while the species name atlantica refers to the fish being predominantly found in the Atlantic Ocean. The fish's common name is a reference to the shape of its jaw being similar to that of a duck's bill.[3]

Description and appearance

M. atlantica can grow as large as 56 centimeters in length however they generally average around 43 centimeters.[4][5]

Fishes of this species vary mildly in color from a dark gray or light black to a pale sandy beige. They have a line of similarly colored and well defined scales running down their lateral line. The gill slits, mouth and jaws are a silvery metallic color.

Distribution and habitat

All oceans with the exception of the Arctic and Southern oceans are suitable environments for M. atlantica. However, the majority of specimens have been found within the northern Atlantic. Additionally there is a sizable minority of specimens which have been recorded along the Pacific coast of the Americas. A small amount of specimens have been found off the east coast of Japan and the Kamchatka Peninsula as well as the east coast of Australia off New South Wales.[2]

M. atlantica is generally pelagic and can be found in the mesopelagic to bathypelagic zone at depths of 66–2166 meters. It often lives closer to the coast in colder waters.[5][6][7]

Reproduction

M. atlantica spawns year round in subtropical and tropical waters.[8]

Diet and predation

M. atlantica feeds on small fish and shrimp and is in turn preyed upon by sharks, tuna and fish-eating whales.[9]

gollark: PotatOS has a mildly (okay, very) accursed regex-based preprocessor implementing ADTs, though.
gollark: No and yes.
gollark: Surely you could define the program state easily as "tape + position + accumulator" or something.
gollark: I should implement it in PotatOS as an optional syntax!
gollark: CONTRIBUTE, APIOFORM1

References
  1. "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2019-03-21.
  2. "Computer Generated Species Distribution Map". www.aquamaps.org. Retrieved 2019-03-21.
  3. Lourdes, Maria & Palomares, M L D & Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel. (2019). A PRELIMINARY LIST OF ENGLISH COMMON NAMES.
  4. Caspers, H. (1979). "Alwyne Wheeler: Das große Buch der Fische.-Mit 500 Farbfotos und 700 Zeichnungen, 356 S. –Stuttgart: Verlag Eugen Ulmer 1977". Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie. 64 (4): 577–578. doi:10.1002/iroh.19790640421. ISBN 3-8001-7029-9. ISSN 0020-9309.
  5. 1990. Paralepididae. p. 373-384. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1.
  6. Mundy, Bruce (2005). Checklist of the Fishes of the Hawaiian Archipelago. 1525 Bernice Street Honolulu, HI 96817: Bishop Museum Press. p. 206. ISBN 1-58178-044-3.CS1 maint: location (link)
  7. Klaus, Riede (2004). Global register of migratory species : from global to regional scales : final report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Bonn, Germany: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. p. 329. ISBN 9783784338453.
  8. Muss, Nielsen, Dahlstrøm, Nyström, Bent, Jørgen, Preben, Bente (1999). Sea fish. Hedehusene, Denmark: Scandinavian Fishing Year Book. p. 340. ISBN 87-90787-00-5.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Magnisudis atlantica (Krøyer, 1868)". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-09.
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