Maddalena Visconti

Maddalena Visconti
Maddalena Visconti
Born	1366
Died	17 July 1404 (aged 37–38); Burghausen
Noble family	House of Visconti
Spouse(s)	Frederick, Duke of Bavaria
	Issue Henry XVI the Rich; John; Elizabeth; Margareta; Magdalene
Father	Bernabò Visconti
Mother	Beatrice Regina della Scala

Maddalena Visconti (1366 – 17 July 1404) was a daughter of Bernabò Visconti and his wife Beatrice Regina della Scala. Maddalena was Duchess of Bavaria-Landshut by her marriage to Frederick, Duke of Bavaria.

Family

Maddalena was born in Milan and was the twelfth of seventeen children born to her parents.

Maddalena's parents Bernabò Visconti and Beatrice Regina della Scala

Maddalena's maternal grandparents were Mastino II della Scala and his wife Taddea da Carrara. Her paternal grandparents were Stefano Visconti and his wife Valentina Doria.

Her father, Bernabò was a cruel and ruthless despot, and an implacable enemy of the Church. He seized the papal city of Bologna, rejected the Pope and his authority, confiscated ecclesiastical property, and forbade any of his subjects to have any dealings with the Curia. He was excommunicated as a heretic in 1363 by Pope Urban V, who preached crusade against him.[1] When Bernabò was in one of his frequent rages, only Beatrice Regina (her mother) was able to approach him.[2]

Marriage

Maddalena married on 2 September 1381 Frederick, Duke of Bavaria. Her father wanted to improve relations with Bavaria so married his three daughters: Maddalena, Elisabetta and Taddea to the three rival Dukes. Frederick had been previously married to Anna of Neuffen, with whom he had a daughter, Isabella of Bavaria, but no sons. On Anna's death, Frederick married Maddalena.

The couple had five children:

Henry XVI the Rich (1386–1450).
Johann, died young.
Elisabeth (1383–13 November 1442, Ansbach), married to Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg.
Margareta (b. 1384), died young.
Magdalene (1388–1410), married 1404 to Count Johann Meinhard VII of Görz.

Maddalena's stepdaughter, Isabella was married to one of Maddalena's brother, Marco Visconti, Lord of Parma.

From 1375 to 1392 Frederick ruled with his brothers Stephen III and John II, Maddalena therefore ruled as consort jointly with sister Taddea, but only for a few weeks, before Taddea died. John II's wife was Catherine of Gorizia, it is unknown whether Maddalena and Catherine served as consort at the same time.

Frederick managed to administer the richest part of the duchy, Lower Bavaria-Landshut which he also kept after the division of Bavaria among the brothers in 1392 when Bavaria-Ingolstadt and Bavaria-Munich were created.

In 1387 Frederick imprisoned the archbishop of Salzburg to force him to finish his alliance with a confederation of cities in Swabia. Frederick was an advisor of King Wenceslaus in legal affairs and a favorable candidate for the king's succession when he died at Budweis already in 1393. He was succeeded in Bavaria-Landshut by his son with Maddalena, Henry, leaving Maddalena a widow.

Henry inherited not only the black hair of Maddalena but also the despotic temperament of her family, the Visconti. Henry oppressed very cruelly uprisings of the citizenry of Landshut in 1410 and fought successfully against his cousin Louis VII the Bearded, the duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt. He united Louis’ enemies in the Parakeet Society of 1414 and the League of Constance of 1415.

Maddalena died in Burghausen, Bavaria on 17 July 1404. She is buried at Raitenhaslach Monastery.[3]

Ancestry

Ancestors of Maddalena Visconti

16. Teobaldo Visconti

8. Matteo I Visconti

17. Anastasia Pirovano

4. Stefano Visconti

18. Squarcina Borri

9. Bonacossa Borri

19. Antonia

2. Bernabò Visconti

20. Brancaleone Doria

10. Bernabò Doria

21. Caterina Zancha

5. Valentina Doria

22. Federico Fieschi

11. Eliana Fieschi

23. Chiara

1. Maddalena Visconti

24. Alberto I della Scala

12. Alboino I della Scala

25. Verde di Salizzole

6. Mastino II della Scala

26. Gilberto III da Correggio

13. Beatrice da Correggio

27. Elena Malaspina

3. Beatrice Regina della Scala

28. Marsiglio III da Carrara

14. Jacopo I da Carrara

29. ... di Carturo

7. Taddea da Carrara

30. Pietro Gradenigo

15. Anna Gradenigo

31. Tommasina Morosini

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References

Barbara W. Tuchman, A Distant Mirror, p.263
Tuchman, p.254
MILAN, Medieval Lands

Maddalena Visconti House of Visconti Born: 1366 Died: 17 July 1404
Preceded by Anna of Neuffen	Duchess of Bavaria-Landshut 1381–1393	Succeeded by Margaret of Austria

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[1] Barbara W. Tuchman, A Distant Mirror, p.263

[2] Tuchman, p.254

[3] MILAN, Medieval Lands