MPM-10

The MPM-10 (Montréal Pneumatic Material 2010), also known as the Azur, is the third and newest generation of rubber-tired rolling stock used on the Montreal Metro in Canada. They are produced by a consortium of Bombardier Transportation and Alstom since 2014. The first MPM-10 train entered into service on the Orange Line/Line 2 on February 7, 2016 and replaced the entire first-generation MR-63 fleet in 2018.

MPM-10 (Azur)
Two MPM-10 trains at Lucien-L'Allier.
Interior view of Azur train
In serviceFebruary 7, 2016–present
ManufacturerBombardier and Alstom
Built atLa Pocatière (Bombardier),
Sorel-Tracy (Alstom)
ReplacedMR-63
Constructed2011–present
Entered service2016-present
Number under constructionTotal delivery of 639 cars (71 sets)[1]
Number in service486 cars (54 sets)
(as of March 2019) [2]
Formation9 articulated cars per train
Fleet numbers(10-011 to 10-019) - (10-711 to 10-719)
Operator(s)Société de transport de Montréal
Depot(s)Plateau d'Youville, Saint-Charles, Montmorency, Angrignon, Beaugrand, Côte-Vertu
Line(s) servedOrange Line
Green Line
Specifications
Train length152.43 m (500 ft 1 1⁄8 in)
Width2.51 m (8 ft 2 7⁄8 in)
Doors3 per side/per car
Maximum speed72.4 km/h (45.0 mph)
Weight26.5 t (238 t 9-car train)
Traction systemIGBT-VVVF
(Alstom-SATEE Optonix)[3]
Power output750 Volts
Power supplyPCS third rail collector
Train heatingFaiveley forced-air ventilation, in-train heater
Electric system(s)750-volt DC guide bars
Current collection methodContact shoe, side running
Bogies2 sets per car
Braking system(s)STM-made wooden brake shoes
Safety system(s)ATC (ATO)
Multiple workingBombardier TCMS[4][5]
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
between two roll ways

History

In May 2006, the Government of Quebec announced the negotiation of a $1.2 billion contract to replace the MR-63 fleet of 336 cars, then designated as MR-08. Alstom voiced its dismay over directly awarding the contract (to Bombardier) without a bidding process. Negotiations between the STM and Bombardier were ongoing until 2007. The negotiations focused on the project's cost controls, terms of contract, train specifications and warranty. If negotiations had failed, the Quebec government and the STM would have reverted to a bidding process.

On 10 January 2008, Quebec Superior Court Judge Joel Silcoff rendered his decision regarding Alstom's filing of legal action against the Quebec government's Ministry of Transportation. The latter sought to bypass the bidding process, citing that Bombardier was the only domestic candidate capable of fulfilling the eventual contract. Silcoff ruled in favour of Alstom, enabling the company to bid on the contract.

On 6 February 2008, the Government of Quebec decided to begin the bidding process, which would serve to save time, delaying delivery of the first trains by 9 to 12 months. In December 2009, CSR Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive expressed interest in bidding for the MR-08 contract citing a cheaper price than its competitors, and proposed an entirely steel-wheeled fleet of vehicles as opposed to the specified rubber-tired vehicles, citing advances in technology that gave steel wheels an advantage. CSR Zhuzhou Locomotive also proposed the construction of a factory in Quebec, creating up to 1,000 jobs and meeting the 60% Canadian content requirement.[6] Spanish company CAF also expressed interest in the project, citing their experience in building rubber-tyred trains.[7] However, the STM subsequently rejected both proposals.

In October 2010, the Quebec government officially gave the contract to the Bombardier-Alstom consortium, valued at CA$1.2 billion. Bombardier expected the new cars to begin entering revenue service by February 2014, with deliveries continuing through 2018.[8][9] In May 2013, the STM finished preparing the tunnels for to the reception of the first test train. This work included grinding concrete on some 200m of tunnel, where laser measurements indicated that scraping might occur due to the new trains' softer suspension.[10] The first prototype train was unveiled in late 2013, and was delivered in April 2014.[11] Tests of the prototype revealed several incompatibilities with Montréal's infrastructure, including insufficient electrical power. In January 2015 Bombardier suspended production for six months because of delays with the completion of the automated train control software .[12] In January 2015, production of new Azurs was temporarily halted due to software installation and financing issues. As of April 2015, only 4 fully functional MPM-10 trains had been delivered to the STM, while 28 more cars had been assembled out of 468 sold before production was halted. Bombardier blamed one of the subcontractors responsible for the automatic driving controls on the new trains for the delay. By the end of 2015, the issues were resolved and the trains remained on track to be completed by the 2018 deadline date.[13]

After six months of vigorous testing, the first of the new cars entered revenue service at 10 am on February 7, 2016, departing from Henri-Bourassa station towards Côte-Vertu.[14]

On 14 January 2017, the STM removed all trainsets from circulation after finding unusual damage to the negative collector shoe due to unusual lateral forces being applied to the shoe and shoe mount. The trains were being brought back into service, starting January 28, 2017.[15]

On 14 August 2017, the first Azur deployed on the Green Line, for testing. This test phase aimed to "analyze the behavior of the train on this line, with the load that the customers on board the train".[16]

As of October 2017, two Azur trains run on the Green Line, with additional trains expected to be added in the future.[17]

In February 2018, the Montreal Gazatte website confirmed the delivery of 18 free additional cars or two new trainsets bringing the total of trains to 54 from the original contract.[18]

By May 2018, 43 sets of Azur had been delivered, effectively replacing the entire MR-63 fleet.

On 28 May 2018, the STM announced that the Quebec government had allocated funds for an increase of the MPM-10 base order, to include an additional 153. This additional order would replace a portion of the MR-73 fleet, starting with the older and less reliable cars of that series.[19]

Specifications

The 486 new cars, arranged in 54 nine-car sets, feature full-width open-gangways between the cars which can be occupied by passengers, resulting in higher train capacities than previous trains.[20] The MPM-10 trains are equipped with an air suspension system, larger windows and doors, and wheelchair spaces, although the majority of Metro stations are not yet wheelchair-accessible. In the cabin, the trains also feature more natural lighting, high definition televisions, a new PA system and surveillance cameras.[21] The MPM-10 uses an Alstom Optonix IGBT-VVVF traction system assembled in the United States. Improved ventilation is also featured; however, as with Montreal's previous generation rolling stock, cars are not air conditioned. Instead they are equipped with adjustable passenger force ventilation systems which deploy outside air into the train fast to create a cooler environment. The MPM-10 trains, however, maintain the same maximum speed as the former MR-63, and the current MR-73 trains, 72.4 km/h (45.0 mph). Given the higher capacity of the MPM-10, the trains are heavier than the outgoing MR-63s at 238 t (26.4 t per car).[22][23][24]

Lines serviced

Green Line (2017-)

Orange Line (2016-)

Future services

Blue Line

Yellow Line

Formation

Currently (As of March 7, 2019)

Lines # Colour Number of trains Composition Comments
1 9 sets (63 cars)[2] {10-xx1} + 10-xx2 + 10-xx3 + 10-xx4 + 10-xx5 + 10-xx6 + 10-xx7 + 10-xx8 + {10-xx9} The MR-73 and MPM-10 Azur trains have fully replaced the historic MR-63s.
2 45 sets (405 cars) {10-xx1} + 10-xx2 + 10-xx3 + 10-xx4 + 10-xx5 + 10-xx6 + 10-xx7 + 10-xx8 + {10-xx9} Only MPM-10 Azur trains
gollark: It's more like Java than C++.
gollark: That's PascalCase.
gollark: Oh, and instead of writing `"tick-instances1.csv"` all over the place maybe make it a constant.
gollark: Looking at MainApplication.py:> objects = []This is not a very descriptively named thing. There should probably be a comment.> `def populate(self):`Arguably, it isn't very good design to make the code responsible for display *also* directly handle directly loading CSVs and such. Maybe this should be separated out more.> `def increment(self):`This does not appear to save anywhere, although I may have missed that bit.
gollark: Also also also, the ` ticks_count = 0 # this is supposed to hold the number of ticks we have instanced an object for` on the `Tick` class is not used anywhere.

See also
  • List of driverless trains

References
  1. http://www.stm.info/sites/default/files/pdf/fr/budget2019.pdf#page67
  2. "New AZUR métro cars". Société de transport de Montréal.
  3. "Modular metro traction equipment with emergency rescue capability". Railway Gazette. 27 November 2012. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  4. "Equipment for urban vehicles" (PDF). Bombardier Transportation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-08. Retrieved 2019-04-21.
  5. "What is TCMS". railengineer.co.uk.
  6. "Les Chinois veulent le contrat du métro". Le Devoir. December 15, 2009. Retrieved April 19, 2016.
  7. "STM rejects Chinese firm's bid for Metro cars". CBC. March 1, 2010. Retrieved April 19, 2016.
  8. "Contract signing for the procurement of Montréal's métro cars". Société de transport de Montréal. October 22, 2010. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved March 10, 2011.
  9. "The Bombardier-Alstom Consortium Signs a Contract to Build 468 New Metro Cars for Montréal". Bombardier Transportation. October 22, 2010. Archived from the original on March 9, 2012. Retrieved March 10, 2011.
  10. "Limage des tunnels: le DG de la STM rectifie le tir". Journal Métro. April 25, 2014. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
  11. "AZUR makes Montreal debut: STM takes delivery of first prototype train". Société de transport de Montréal. April 28, 2014. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
  12. "Bombardier halts production on Montreal transit cars". Trains. January 23, 2015. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  13. "Squeaky Wheels: Bombardier plant still producing new métro cars". Montreal Gazette. June 21, 2015. Retrieved February 7, 2016.
  14. "New Montreal métro cars start rolling". Montreal Gazette. February 7, 2016. Retrieved February 7, 2016.
  15. "STM pulls all AZUR Metro trains following weekend shutdown". CBC. January 16, 2017. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
  16. "Azur accueille des passagers sur la ligne vertedate". Journal de Montréal. August 14, 2017. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
  17. "New AZUR métro cars". Société de transport de Montréal. 2017. Retrieved 2017-10-29.
  18. "Montreal's STM to receive two free Azur métro trains | Montreal Gazette". February 6, 2018.
  19. "The STM will buy 17 more Azur trains to service the Green Line". The Montreal Gazette. 2017. Retrieved 2018-06-04.
  20. "STM". societyinmotion.org. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
  21. STM "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-06-17. Retrieved 2011-03-10.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  22. "Video presentation". Stm.info. Archived from the original on 2011-06-17. Retrieved 2011-03-10.
  23. "Montréal metro car order placed at last". Railway Gazette. 2010-10-22. Retrieved 2011-03-10.
  24. "Bombardier reports" (PDF). Retrieved 4 April 2019.
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