Lower Rio Negro Mosaic

The Lower Rio Negro Mosaic (Portuguese: Mosaico do Baixo Rio Negro is a protected area mosaic in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. It coordinates between eleven conservation units of different types in the Amazon rainforest to the northwest of the state capital, Manaus.

Lower Rio Negro Mosaic
Mosaico do Baixo Rio Negro
IUCN category V (protected landscape/seascape)
Anavilhanas National Park
Nearest cityManaus
Coordinates2°30′32″S 60°57′25″W
Area7,412,849 hectares (18,317,550 acres)
DesignationProtected area mosaic
Created14 December 2010

Location

The Lower Rio Negro Mosaic was established to cover 11 protected area in six Amazonas municipalities: Manaus, Novo Airão, Iranduba, Manacapuru, Barcelos and Presidente Figueiredo, with a total area of 7,412,849 hectares (18,317,550 acres).[1] It contains conservation units in the Amazon biome in the state of Amazonas.[2] The mosaic is part of the Central Amazon Biosphere Reserve and Ecological Corridor. It covers an area of high biodiversity and high socio-cultural diversity. It includes igapó, terra firma forest, campina, campinaranas, and caatinga-igapós.[1]

Background

The people of the mosaic include traditional riparian communities, indigenous people, artisan fishers, small farmers and gatherers, as well as people involved in tourism, extraction, business and government. Traditional occupations include slash-and-burn agriculture, plant and animal extraction, logging, hunting, crafts and tourism. The local residents have the knowledge needed for sustainable development such as ecotourism, non-timber extraction, agriculture, fishing and other practices.[1]

Creation of the Manaus Free Trade Zone in the 1960s generated intensive population movement into the region and economic growth, and also created social, economic and environmental problems that persist today. Creation of conservation units in the 1980s and 1990s without public consultation caused further conflicts. Many of the traditional residents began to organize and claim rights to access natural resources and territory.[1]

Creation and objectives

The proposal to create the mosaic was prepared by IPÊ - Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas (Institute of Ecological Research) and submitted in January 2005 to the Fundo Nacional do Meio Ambiente – FNMA (National Environment Fund). Various government agencies, non-governmental organizations and civil society groups participated in developing the plan. The Waimiri Atroari Indigenous Territory also participated in the process of creating the mosaic, with the possibility of becoming one of its components.[1] The Lower Rio Negro Mosaic was recognized by ordnance 483 of the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment on 14 December 2010.[2]

The National System of Conservation Units (SNUC) law defines a mosaic as a collection of protected areas of the same or different categories that are near to each other, adjoin each other or overlap, and that should be managed as a whole. Given the different categories of conservation unit and other protected areas in a mosaic, including fully protected and sustainable use units, the different conservation goals must be considered.[3]

Conservation units
South Rio Negro conservation units. The Jaú National Park (top left), Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve and Rio Unini Extractive Reserve extend far to the west.

The Lower Rio Negro Mosaic contains the following conservation units:[4]

MapNameLevelCreatedArea (ha)
Amanã Sustainable Development ReserveState19982,350,000
10Anavilhanas National ParkFederal1981350,470
1Jaú National ParkFederal19802,367,333
7Puranga Conquista Sustainable Development Reserve[lower-alpha 1] State201476,936
9Rio Negro Left Bank Environmental Protection Area[lower-alpha 2] State1995611,008
3Rio Negro Right Bank Environmental Protection AreaState1995461,741
8Rio Negro State Park North SectionState1995146,028
2Rio Negro State Park South SectionState199586,601
4Rio Negro Sustainable Development ReserveState2003103,086
Rio Unini Extractive ReserveFederal2006833,352
Tupé Sustainable Development ReserveMunicipal200511,930

Notes
  1. The Puranga Conquista Sustainable Development Reserve was created in 2014 and added to the mosaic.[5]
  2. The Rio Negro Left Bank Environmental Protection Area was counted as two units when the mosaic was created, the Aturiá–Apuauzinho section and the smaller Tarumã Açu – Tarumã Mirim section.[4]
  1. Thiago Mota Cardoso 2010.
  2. Mosaico do Baixo Rio Negro – ICMBio.
  3. Mosaicos de áreas protegidas – ISA.
  4. Unidades de Conservação - Mosaico do Baixo Rio Negro – ICMBio.
  5. RDS Puranga Conquista – ISA.

Sources
  • Mosaico do Baixo Rio Negro (in Portuguese), ICMBio: Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, retrieved 2016-10-11
  • Mosaicos de áreas protegidas (in Portuguese), ISA: Instituto Socioambiental, archived from the original on 2016-06-20, retrieved 2016-07-13
  • RDS Puranga Conquista (in Portuguese), ISA: Instituto Socioambiental, retrieved 2016-06-28
  • Thiago Mota Cardoso (2010), Depoimento: o mosaico do baixo rio Negro (in Portuguese), IPÊ-Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas, retrieved 2016-10-11
  • Unidades de Conservação - Mosaico do Baixo Rio Negro (in Portuguese), ICMBio: Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, retrieved 2016-10-11
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