Louise Beavers

Louise Beavers (March 8, 1902 – October 26, 1962) was an American film and television actress. Beavers appeared in dozens of films and two hit television shows from the 1920s until 1960, most often cast in the role of a maid, servant, or slave. She was a native of Cincinnati, Ohio,[1] and a member of Sigma Gamma Rho sorority, one of the four African-American sororities.

Louise Beavers
Born(1902-03-08)March 8, 1902
Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.
DiedOctober 26, 1962(1962-10-26) (aged 60)
Hollywood, California, U.S.
Resting placeEvergreen Cemetery, Los Angeles
Other namesLouise Beaver
OccupationActress
Years active1927–1960
Spouse(s)
Leroy Moore
(
m. 1952⁠–⁠1962)
(her death)

Beavers was a breakthrough actress for black women and became known as a symbol of a "mammy" on the screen. A mammy archetype "is the portrayal within a narrative framework or other imagery of a black domestic servant, generally good-natured, often overweight, and loud".

Early life

Beavers was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, to school teacher Ernestine Monroe Beavers and William M. Beavers, who was originally from Georgia. Due to her mother's illness, Louise and her parents moved to Pasadena, California.[2]

With Claudette Colbert in Imitation of Life (1934)

In Pasadena, she attended school and engaged in several after-school activities, such as basketball and church choir. Her mother also worked as a voice teacher and taught Louise how to sing for concerts.[3] In June 1920, she graduated from Pasadena High School. She worked as a dressing room attendant for a photographer and served as a personal maid to film star Leatrice Joy.[2]

There is uncertainty as to how Beavers began her acting career. She was in a group called the Lady Minstrels who were "a group of young women who staged amateur productions and appeared on stage at the Loews State Theatre". It was either her performance in this group or in a contest at the Philharmonic Auditorium, which occurred later. Charles Butler from the Central Casting Bureau, who was known for being an agent for African American actors, saw the performance and recommended that Louise try out for a role for a movie.”[2] At first she was hesitant to try out for movies because of how African Americans were portrayed in movies and how Hollywood encouraged these roles. She once said, "In all the pictures I had seen… they never used colored people for anything except savages."[2] Despite this, she tried out for a role in the film Uncle Tom’s Cabin in 1927, and landed the part.

Acting career

Louise Beavers started her career in the 1920s. At the time, black people in films were limited to acting in only very few roles, usually as slaves or domestic help. She played the "mammy" in many of the movies in which she acted. She started to gain more attention in the acting world after she played the role of Julia in Coquette, which starred Mary Pickford. In this film she played the black maid and mother figure to a young white woman.[2]

She once received a review which stated,

"Personally, Miss Beavers is just splendid, just as fine as she appears on screen, but she also has a charm all her own, which needs no screen role for recognition. She has a very pleasing personality, one that draws people to her instantly and makes them feel that they are meeting a friend instead of a Hollywood Star."[2]

Beavers had an attractive personality, and often played roles in which she helps a white protagonist mature in the course of the movie.

Louise Beavers with Bobby Breen in Rainbow on the River (1936)

In 1934, Beavers played Delilah in Imitation of Life in a dramatic role. Her character again plays a black housekeeper, but instead of the usual stereotypical comedic or purely functional role, Delilah's story line is a secondary parallel plot. The public reacted positively to Beavers' performance.[2] It was not only a breakthrough for Beavers, but was also "the first time in American cinema history that a black woman's problems were given major emotional weight in a major Hollywood motion picture". Some in the media recognized the unfairness of Hollywood's double standard regarding race. For example, California Graphic Magazine wrote, "the Academy could not recognize Miss Beavers. She is black!"[2]

In the 1942 movie Holiday Inn, in the performance of "Lincoln's Birthday," there was a big minstrel show number, "Abraham," which featured performances by Bing Crosby (Jim Hardy) in blackface makeup and by Beavers as Mamie. This number, as well as the scene itself, are sometimes cut from the film's show on television, presumably because of the offensiveness of blackface.[4]

Beavers, who was raised in the North and in California, had to learn to speak the southern Negro dialect. As Beavers' career grew, some criticized her for the roles she accepted, alleging that such roles institutionalized the view that blacks were subservient to whites. Beavers dismissed the criticism. She acknowledged the limited opportunities available, but said: "I am only playing the parts. I don't live them." As she became more famous, Beavers began to speak against Hollywood's portrayal and treatment of black Americans, both during production and after promoting the films. Beavers became active in public life, seeking to help support African Americans. She endorsed Robert S. Abbott, the editor of the Chicago Defender, who fought for black Americans' civil rights. She supported Richard Nixon, who she believed would help black Americans in the United States in the civil rights battle.[2]

Beavers was one of three actresses (including Hattie McDaniel and Ethel Waters) to portray housekeeper Beulah on the Beulah television show. That show was the first television sitcom to star a black person. She also played a maid, Louise, for the first two seasons of The Danny Thomas Show (1953–1955).

Marriage

Beavers married Robert Clark in 1936. He later became her manager. She not only worked in movies, but also on "twenty-week tours of theaters that she conducted annually".[2] Beavers and Clark later divorced and remarried. Much later, in 1952, Beavers married Leroy Moore, who was either an interior designer or a chef (varying sources); they remained married until her death in 1962.[2] She had no children.

Death

In later life, Beavers was plagued by health issues, including diabetes. She died on October 26, 1962, at the age of 60, following a heart attack, at Cedars of Lebanon Hospital in Los Angeles.

Honors

Beavers was inducted into the Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame in 1976.[5]

Filmography
Features
Short subjects

[6]

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gollark: Generally it's actually not cheaper to use "cloud" stuff if you plan to use it *constantly*.
gollark: The biggest issue is that I would need to cross-compile everything to ARM.
gollark: My server stuff probably *could* mostly run off a raspberry pi, but those have downsides and when I occasionally do want to do heavy computing it would be VERY IRRITATING.

References
  1. Gates, Henry Louis. Africana: arts and letters: an A-to-Z reference of writers, musicians, and artists (2005), p. 71. ISBN 0-7624-2042-1
  2. Regester, Charlene (2010). "Louise Beavers: Negotiating Racial Difference". African American Actresses: The Struggle for Visibility, 1900-1960. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. pp. 72–106. Retrieved 2011-03-18.
  3. http://black-face.com/louise-beavers.htm.
  4. Mueller, John (1986). Astaire Dancing. The Musical Films. London: Hamish Hamilton. p. 205
  5. Black Past
  6. Petty, Miriam J. (2016). Stealing the show: African American performers and audiences in 1930s Hollywood. Univ of California Press. ISBN 9780520964143.

Further reading
  • Alistair, Rupert (2018). "Louise Beavers". The Name Below the Title : 65 Classic Movie Character Actors from Hollywood's Golden Age (softcover) (First ed.). Great Britain: Independently published. pp. 33–35. ISBN 978-1-7200-3837-5.
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