Lord Uxbridge's leg

Lord Uxbridge's leg was shattered, probably by a piece of case shot, at the Battle of Waterloo and removed by a surgeon.[1][2] The amputated right limb became a tourist attraction in the village of Waterloo in Belgium, where it had been removed and interred.[3]

Lord Uxbridge portrayed by Henry Edridge in 1808, before the loss of his leg

Waterloo

Henry Paget, 2nd Earl of Uxbridge, later the 1st Marquess of Anglesey, commanded 13,000 Allied cavalry and 44 guns of the horse artillery at the Battle of Waterloo, on 18 June 1815. At about 2:30 pm, at a critical stage in the battle, he led a charge of the 2,000 heavy cavalry of the Household Brigade and the Union Brigade to throw back the columns of D'Erlon's French I Corps, who were threatening to push back Picton's severely outnumbered 5th Division, with some 15,000 French infantry advancing on 3,000 British and Dutch-Belgian troops. The charge succeeded in sweeping the French infantry away in disorder, but Uxbridge was unable to rally his troops, who ran on in pursuit and were cut up by counter-attacking French cavalry. Uxbridge spent the rest of the battle leading a series of charges by British light cavalry formations, and had eight or nine horses shot from under him.[2]

One of the last cannon shots fired that day hit his right leg, necessitating its amputation above the knee.[4] According to anecdote, which is probably apocryphal, he was close to the Duke of Wellington when his leg was hit, and exclaimed, "By God, sir, I've lost my leg!", to which Wellington replied "By God, sir, so you have!"[5][6]

Perhaps a more authentic version of this exchange comes from the diary of J. W. Croker, a friend of Wellington, written on 8 December 1818, in which he recounts a conversation with Horace Seymour, the man who carried the wounded Uxbridge from the battlefield. Seymour recalled that when Uxbridge was hit he cried out, "I have got it at last," to which the Duke of Wellington responded, "No? Have you, by God?".[7]

Amputation

After being wounded, Lord Uxbridge was taken to his headquarters in the village of Waterloo, a house owned by M. Hyacinthe Joseph-Marie Paris, Maison Tremblant, who was still in his residence at 214, Chaussée de Bruxelles.[8] There, his damaged leg was amputated at mid-thigh by Doctor John Hume, assisted by surgeons James Powell of the Ordnance Medical Department, and James Callander of the 7th Hussars. The operation was carried out without antiseptic or anaesthetics.

Lord Uxbridge, true to his nature, remained stoical and composed. According to his aide-de-camp, Thomas Wildman, during the amputation Paget smiled and said, "I have had a pretty long run. I have been a beau these forty-seven years, and it would not be fair to cut the young men out any longer." According to another anecdote his only comment through the procedure was, "The knives appear somewhat blunt."

According to the account of Sir Hussey Vivian recorded by Henry Curling in 1847:

Just after the Surgeon had taken off the Marquis of Anglesey's leg, Sir Hussey Vivian came into the cottage where the operation was performed. "Ah, Vivian!" said the wounded noble, "I want you to do me a favour. Some of my friends here seem to think I might have kept that leg on. Just go and cast your eye upon it, and tell me what you think." "I went, accordingly", said Sir Hussey, "and, taking up the lacerated limb, carefully examined it, and so far as I could tell, it was completely spoiled for work. A rusty grape-shot had gone through and shattered the bones all to pieces. I therefore returned to the Marquis and told him he could set his mind quite at rest, as his leg, in my opinion, was better off than on."[1]

A further anecdote reports him saying "Who would not lose a leg for such a victory?"[9] The saw used to amputate his leg is held by the National Army Museum.[10]

Uxbridge was offered an annual pension of £1,200 in compensation for the loss of his leg, which he refused.[2] Five days after the battle the Prince Regent created him Marquess of Anglesey and made him a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath.

Shrine

Marquess of Anglesey's column, Llanfairpwllgwyngyll, Anglesey

Paris asked if he might bury the leg in his garden, later turning the place into a kind of shrine, as for a relic. Visitors were first taken to see the bloody chair upon which Uxbridge had sat during the amputation, before being escorted into the garden, where the leg had its own 'tombstone', inscribed as follows:[11]

Here lies the Leg of the illustrious and valiant Earl Uxbridge, Lieutenant-General of His Britannic Majesty, Commander in Chief of the English, Belgian and Dutch cavalry, wounded on the 18 June 1815 at the memorable battle of Waterloo, who, by his heroism, assisted in the triumph of the cause of mankind, gloriously decided by the resounding victory of the said day.

Some were impressed; others less so. According to an article headed "Marquis of Anglesey's Leg" in Notes and Queries, 1862,[12] a wag wrote on the tombstone –

Here lies the Marquis of Anglesey's limb;

The Devil will have the remainder of him.

George Canning recorded his own impressions in verse.[13] Some of these lines are also recorded in Notes and Queries, which says they "went the round of the papers at the time":[12]

Here rests, and let no saucy knave

Presume to sneer and laugh,

To learn that mouldering in the grave

Is laid a British calf.

For he who writes these lines is sure

That those who read the whole

Will find such laugh were premature,

For here, too, lies a sole.

And here five little ones repose,

Twin-born with other five;

Unheeded by their brother toes,

Who now are all alive.

A leg and foot to speak more plain

Lie here, of one commanding;

Who, though his wits he might retain,

Lost half his understanding.

And when the guns, with thunder fraught,

Pour'd bullets thick as hail,

Could only in this way be taught

To give his foe leg-bail.

And now in England, just as gay -

As in the battle brave -

Goes to the rout, review, or play,

With one foot in the grave.

Fortune in vain here showed her spite,

For he will still be found,

Should England's sons engage in fight,

Resolved to stand his ground.

But fortune's pardon I must beg,

She meant not to disarm;

And when she lopped the hero's leg

By no means sought his h-arm,

And but indulged a harmless whim,

Since he could walk with one,

She saw two legs were lost on him

Who never meant to run.

The leg attracted an amazing range of tourists from European society of the very top drawer, from the King of Prussia to the Prince of Orange. It was a nice earner for Monsieur Paris and his descendants, all the way down to 1878, when it was the occasion for a minor diplomatic incident. Uxbridge's son visited, to find the bones not buried, but on open display. On investigation by the Belgian ambassador in London, it was discovered that they had been exposed in a storm which uprooted the willow tree beside which they were buried. The ambassador demanded repatriation of the relics to England but the Paris family refused, instead offering to sell the bones to the Uxbridge family, who were enraged. At this point the Belgian Minister of Justice intervened, ordering the bones to be reburied. However, the bones were not reburied; they were kept hidden. In 1934, after the last Monsieur Paris died in Brussels, his widow found them in his study, along with documentation proving their provenance. Horrified by the thought of another scandal, she incinerated them in her central heating furnace.

Aftermath

Uxbridge's close family lost several limbs in the service of the United Kingdom during the Napoleonic Wars: his brother, Major-General Sir Edward Paget, lost his right arm in the crossing of the Douro during the Second Battle of Porto in 1809, and his daughter lost a hand tending her husband on a battlefield in Spain.[14]

Uxbridge used an articulated above-knee artificial leg invented by James Potts of Chelsea, with hinged knee and ankle and raising toes which became known as the Anglesey leg, after his marquessate.[15] One of the artificial legs designed by Potts and worn by the marquess is extant, preserved at Plas Newydd in Anglesey, as is a leg of the hussar trousers worn by the 1st Marquess at Waterloo.[16] Others are in the Household Cavalry Museum and the Musee d' Armee in Paris. The loss of his leg did not impede the Marquess of Anglesey's career. He rose to become a Field Marshal and Knight of the Garter,[17] twice serving as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland[18] and twice as Master-General of the Ordnance.[19]

The Belgian artist Constantinus Fidelio Coene (1780-1841) painted Imaginary Meeting of Sir Arthur Wellesley (1769–1852), Duke of Wellington and Sir Henry William Paget (1768–1854), 1st Marquess of Anglesey, after the Amputation of His Leg, which shows the Marquess with his bandaged stump. This oil painting of c.1820, measuring 83 x 140.5 cm, was given by the 7th Duke of Wellington to his godson the future 8th Marquess of Anglesey, who donated it to the National Trust in 1992; it is displayed in Plas Newydd.[20][21][22]

Notes and references

Leaves from a Soldier's Notebook, in Colborn's United Service Magazine and Naval and Military Journal for 1847, Part II (London, H. Hurst, 1847) p. 543
Anglesey, ‘'Paget, Henry William, first marquess of Anglesey (1768–1854)’', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, Jan 2008 accessed 10 Oct 2008
Material on which this article is based can be found in the BBC History Magazine, vol. 3, no. 6, June 2002.
Contemporaneous sources: ( For example: Edward Baines, History of the Wars of the French Revolution, from the Breaking Out of the War, in 1792, to the Restoration of a General Peace in 1815: Comprehending the Civil History of Great Britain and France, During that Period, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1818. p. 468 & George Jones, John Booth, The Battle of Waterloo: With Those of Ligny and Quatre Bras, Described by Eye-witnesses and by the Series of Official Accounts Published by Authority. ..., Published by L. Booth, 1852. p. 403) say right leg; some more recent sources say the left.
Anglesey, ‘Paget, Henry William, first marquess of Anglesey (1768–1854)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, Oct 2006 accessed 13 Nov 2007
Reagan, Geoffrey. Military Anecdotes (1992) p. 34 Guinness Publishing ISBN 0-85112-519-0
waterloo200.org/wp-content/uploads/.../Wellington_and_Uxbridge.pdf, accessed 8 May 2016
The house was demolished in the twentieth century (The Tomb of Lord Uxbridge's Leg) but the monument remains in the garden.
Edward Baines, History of the Wars of the French Revolution, from the Breaking Out of the War, in 1792, to the Restoration of a General Peace in 1815: Comprehending the Civil History of Great Britain and France, During that Period, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1818. p. 468
National Army Museum : Exhibitions : Changing the World : Key Objects Archived 2008-12-06 at the Wayback Machine
Ci est enterré la Jambe de l'illustre et vaillant comte Uxbridge, Lieutenant-Général de S. M. Brittanique, Commandant en chef de la cavalerie anglaise, belge, et hollondaise, blessé le 18 juin 1815, à la mémorable bataille de Waterloo, qui, par son héroïsme, a concouru au triomphe de la cause du genre humaine, glorieusement décidéé par l'éclatante victoire du dit jour. (Notes and Queries, 3rd S. II, September 27, 1862, p. 249)
Notes and Queries, 3rd S. II, September 27, 1862, p. 249
The Edinburgh Monthly Review Waugh and Innes, 1821 Volume 5 (1821) p. 416
Staff. The Gentleman's Magazine, F. Jefferies, 1819. p. 646 (Last full paragraph of the first column)
Murphy Wendy B. Spare Parts: From Peg Legs to Gene Splices, Twenty-First Century Books, 2001. ISBN 0-7613-1355-9, ISBN 978-0-7613-1355-7. p. 25
Anglesey, the Marquess of, One Leg, The Life and Letters of Henry William Paget, First Marquess of Anglesey, KG 1768–1854, Jonathan Cape (1961) reprinted Pen and Sword Books (1996), . ill. facing p. 128. ISBN 0-85052-518-7
"No. 17340". The London Gazette. 14 March 1818. p. 473.
"No. 18447". The London Gazette. 29 February 1828. p. 409.Heathcote, Tony (1999). The British Field Marshals, 1736–1997: A Biographical Dictionary. Barnsley: Leo Cooper. p. 236. ISBN 0-85052-696-5.
"No. 20621". The London Gazette. 10 July 1846. p. 2534."No. 18357". The London Gazette. 1 May 1827. p. 961.
"Imaginary Meeting of Sir Arthur Wellesley (1769–1852), Duke of Wellington and Sir Henry William Paget (1768–1854), 1st Marquess of Anglesey, after the Amputation of His Leg: by Constantin Fidèle Coene". Art UK. Retrieved 22 February 2016. Includes an image of the painting
Shaw, Philip (2013). "'Disgusting objects': images of wounding in the aftermath of war". Suffering and Sentiment in Romantic Military Art. Ashgate. p. 179. ISBN 9780754664925.
"Imaginary Meeting of Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington (1769-1852) and Henry William Paget, 2nd Earl of Uxbridge, later 1st Marquess of Anglesey (1768-1854) after the Amputation of his Leg in 1815". National Trust Collections. Retrieved 22 February 2016.