Loa River

The Loa River (Spanish: Río Loa) is a U-shaped river in Chile's northern Antofagasta Region. At 440 km long, it is the country's longest river and the main watercourse in the Atacama Desert.[1]

Loa River
Map
Location
CountryChile
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationnear
 • coordinates21.1996°S 68.668°W / -21.1996; -68.668
 • elevation4,277 m (14,032 ft)
Mouth 
 • location
Pacific Ocean
 • coordinates
21.43°S 70.0576°W / -21.43; -70.0576
 • elevation
Sea level
Length440 km (270 mi)[1]
Basin size33,570 km2 (12,960 sq mi)[1]
Discharge 
 • average2.43 m3/s (86 cu ft/s)
Loa River in Calama

Course

The Loa's sources are located on Andean mountain slopes at the foot of Miño Volcano. The upper Loa basin is flanked on the west by a ridge with elevations that reach above 4,500 m, whereas to the east lies a volcanic chain, which separates it from endorheic basins as that of Salar de Ascotán.

The river flows south on an elevated plateau, for about 150 km, to the oasis of Chiu Chiu (CHEE-oo CHEE-oo). The upper courses of the river are at a considerable elevation above sea level and receive a large volume of water from the Andes, mainly of two major tributaries: San Pedro de Inacaliri River and Salado River. The former joins the Loa near Conchi reservoir and the latter about 3 km south of Chiu Chiu. The water of its upper course and tributaries is fresh. However the lower course, as in all the rivers of this region becomes brackish.

From Chiu Chiu, the Loa flows west and north in a great curve to Quillagua (kee-YAH-gwah). After flowing for 115 km in this portion of its course and having run through the city of Calama, the Loa receives the waters of San Salvador River at the locality of Chacance. Thence the river flows north for about 80 km to Quillagua.

From Quillagua, its dry channel turns westward again and marks the border between the regions of Tarapacá and Antofagasta. Along its lower course, the Loa flows through a 500-m-deep canyon, which crosses the Chilean Coastal Range. The river reaches the Pacific Ocean in lat. 21° 26' S., a few miles south of the old port of Huanillos (Wan-EE-yōs).

The hydrologic regime of the river basin is rain-dominated. The increase of its water volume occurs mainly in January and February, as a consequence of the phenomenon known locally as Bolivian Winter.

History

Its banks have been inhabited from early times. Evidence of this is the notable number of geoglyphs, petroglyphs and pictographs that are found along its course and in its upper basin.

Another indication of its rich past is the Pukará de Lasana.

Bridges

To the south of Conchi reservoir, the river is spanned by an old railroad bridge, which is no longer used by the Ferrocarril de Antofagasta a Bolivia, however it still holds the notability of being, at 104 m, one of the highest bridges in Chile.[2]

Needs

This river supplies many towns with water used to raise shrimp. Lately, mining companies have been polluting this river, making the water unusable.

gollark: They dynamically set `value` as an attribute, which CSS can style.
gollark: Not in general. It relies on quirkiness in some JS frameworks.
gollark: * underscores
gollark: I'm saddened yet unsurprised that the character set is just alphanumeric+hyphens.
gollark: It's just an alternative trendier runtime.

References
  1. (in Spanish) Cuenca del río Loa
  2. (in Spanish) Conchi Bridge Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine
  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lamoureux, Andrew Jackson (1911). "Chile". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 144.
  • This article draws partially on the corresponding article in the Spanish-language Wikipedia, accessed July 10, 2007.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.