Liu Qiangdong

Richard Liu Qiangdong (Chinese: 刘强东; born 10 March 1973 or 14 February 1974[Note 1]) is a Chinese Internet entrepreneur. He has been called the "Jeff Bezos of China" and his company JD.com has been compared to Amazon due to its business model.[9] Liu founded Jingdong as a business-to-consumer single retail store for magneto-optical products in June 1998 and later moved the company into an e-commerce website known as JD.com in 2004.[10] Liu is the company's chief executive officer and expanded its e-commerce products from selling consumer electronics to less specialized items, which grew JD.com into one of the largest retailers in China.[11] According to Forbes, Liu's net worth is US$9 billion as of May 2020 with a 15.8% stake in JD.com.[1][12] He was included on the "China Rich List" for 2019.[1]

"Richard Liu" redirects here. For the Singaporean actor, see Richard Low.
This is a Chinese name; the family name is Liu.
Liu Qiangdong
Born (1973-03-10) 10 March 1973 or (1974-02-14) 14 February 1974[Note 1]
Suqian, Jiangsu
NationalityChinese
Alma materRenmin University of China
OccupationFounder and CEO, JD.com
Net worthUS$9 billion (May 2020)[1]
Spouse(s)
(
m. 2015)
Children2
FamilyHan Chinese
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese劉強東
Simplified Chinese刘强东

In April 2020, Liu was in talks with the government of China regarding shipment of 5 million masks and 600,000 pairs of gloves for the Covid 19 relief efforts.[13]

Early life and biography

Liu Qiangdong was born on 10 March 1973 or 14 February 1974[Note 1] in Suqian, Jiangsu province. His parents are in the business of shipping coal from north China to the south. As a young man, Liu Qiangdong had an interest in politics. He graduated from primary school in the Jiangsu province and enrolled in the department of sociology in Renmin University of China, known for its connection to China's political elites, in 1992.[14] However, finding the degree would not guarantee good job opportunities, Liu spent all his spare time learning computer programming. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in sociology in 1996, and later earned an EMBA from the China Europe International Business School.[15]

As a college student, Liu invested his income earned from programming work and family loans into a restaurant venture. The business failed in a few months, losing more than US$200,000, which left Liu in debt.[16][17] After graduation, Liu was employed by Japan Life, a Japanese health product enterprise, and successively served as the director for computers, the director for business, and the logistics supervisor.[18]

Personal life

Liu Qiangdong has a son who was born in 2006. The name of the child's mother is not publicly known, Liu Qiangdong may have had a marriage with her.[19][20][21]

In 2008, Liu volunteered as part of Red Cross efforts and drove to Pingwu County to help the victims of the Sichuan earthquake.[10]:104

In August 2015, Liu married Zhang Zetian, an internet celebrity better known as "Sister Milk Tea".[22] Their relationship started in early 2014 when Liu studied at Columbia University and Zhang was an exchange student at Barnard College, affiliated with Columbia University.[23] Their early romance was spotted in New York City and when pictures were posted online.[24] On April 10, 2014, Liu confirmed this relationship to the public through his Weibo account.[25] On August 8, 2015, Liu Qiangdong and Zhang Zetian registered for marriage in Beijing.[26] They held their wedding ceremony on October 1, 2015 in Sydney, Australia.[27] Their daughter was born in March 2016.[28]

Controversies

On 23 July 2018, Liu Qiangdong was named as the billionaire host of a private dinner party in Sydney that was the focus of a rape trial. Party guest Xu Longwei was found guilty of seven charges, including having non-consensual sex with a woman he met at Liu's apartment on 26 December 2015.[29] Liu was not charged with a crime or accused of any wrongdoing in that case. As a result, he asked for a suppression order from the Australian court to prevent the release of his name in connection with the case, a request which was rejected.[30][31]

On August 31, 2018, Liu was arrested in Minneapolis, Minnesota with the charge of "rape".[32][33] The complainant is a 21-year-old Chinese student who attended a dinner party with Liu on the night of August 30.[34] After the party ended at 9:30 PM, the complainant and Liu returned to her apartment, where she alleges the rape occurred at 1:00 AM.[35][36] Liu was released pending further investigation and returned to Beijing.[30]

On September 2, 2018, JD.com issued a statement that the company would take legal action against "false reporting or rumors" after the local police found "no substance to the claim against Mr. Liu".[30][37][38][39][40] Three American law firms have alleged that this statement was misleading and announced a class-action lawsuits in response.[41][42] Liu's attorneys denied any wrongdoing[34] and claimed that the charges are not supported by evidence.[43]

On December 21, 2018, The office of the Hennepin County Attorney said they had not found enough evidence to charge Liu.[44][45]

On April 16, 2019, Liu Jingyao, a student at the University of Minnesota, formally filed a civil lawsuit against Liu Qiangdong, claiming Liu forced himself upon her in his vehicle after the dinner and later raped her at her apartment. The lawsuit seeks damages of more than $50,000.[46][47]. In April 2020, the judge overseeing the case declined the motion to dismiss JD.com from the litigation; both the company and Liu are named defendants.[48]

Career

In June 1998, he started his own business Jingdong in Zhongguancun High-tech Industrial Park in Beijing as a distributor of magneto-optical products, focusing on selling authorized products when counterfeit products were widely sold.[10]:11 Upon foundation, Jingdong (Chinese: 京东) company was named after Liu Qiangdong himself and Gong Xiaojing (龚小京 or 龚晓京), his then-girlfriend who also graduated from Renmin University of China. They broke up in 2003.[19][21][49][50] Liu had opened 12 brick-and-mortar stores under the Jingdong brand by 2003.[51]

The SARS outbreak in 2003 kept staff and clients of Jingdong at home and forced Liu to rethink the business model and divert to online business. Due to the outbreak, Liu's business lost over 8 million yuan.[10]:17 Liu launched his first online retail website in 2004, and founded JD.com (short form for Jingdong) later that year. In 2005, Liu closed off all brick-and-mortar stores and became an e-commerce business.

In 2005, Liu received an offer to sell JD.com for 18 million yuan, which he rejected.[10]:27

In 2007, Liu employed a full-category strategy for JD.com, changing the company's business model from selling consumer electronics to large variety of goods.[10]:xiii The company has become one of the leading e-commerce businesses in China. JD.com has been compared to Amazon because of similar business models[52], and Liu has been compared to Jeff Bezos as a self-made individual.[9][53][54]

JD.com applied to go public in the US in January 2014.[55] On 22 May 2014, the date of JD.com's IPO, the stock price rose about 15%[56]

JD.com is the second largest internet-company in the world (by revenue) and is the largest e-commerce company in China.[57][58][59]

Notes
  1. Liu's date of birth is 10 March 1973 according to his official identity document.[2][3][4] However, he has another date of birth, 14 February 1974, which he might recognize.[5][6][7][8]
gollark: As of now it doesn't matter, and apparently the new one will not be compatible with old worlds anyway.
gollark: Ah, yes. That would make the controller, which is programmed entirely in TIS-3D assembly with ComputerCraft connections for reading some data not available with comparators, more complex, though.
gollark: If you're only filling it when it's below 50% then half of it will just be empty constantly.
gollark: And that would basically involve wasting half the buffer.
gollark: I mean, currently, it doesn't make a huge difference.

References
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  2. SEC; JD.com. "THE COMPANIES LAW EXEMPTED COMPANY LIMITED BY SHARES SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED MEMORANDUM OF ASSOCIATION OF JD.COM, INC". SEC.gov. SEC. Page 5 shows Liu's Chinese ID number which indicates that his date of birth is 10 March 1973. Retrieved 2018-09-02.
  3. Yin, Feng (2014). 京东的秘密：刘强东和他的京东商城 [The secret of Jingdong: Liu Qiangdong and his Jingdong Mall] (in Chinese). Guangdong Travel & Tourism Press. ISBN 9787807669005.
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  5. Yan, Jingjie (16 February 2015). 刘强东朋友圈晒婚戒 与奶茶妹已结婚？. Yicai (一财网). First Financial. According to a report published on 16 February 2015, Liu Qiangdong celebrated his birthday shortly before that day. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
  6. FANG Xingdong (方兴东) (interviewer, commentator); LIU Qiangdong (interviewee) (October 2017). 我的创业史 [My entrepreneurial history]. Oriental Publishing House (东方出版社). Section "刘强东 走过的人生节点". ISBN 9787506096584. 1974年2月14日，刘强东先生出生于江苏省宿迁市
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