List of third party performances in United States mayoral elections
In the United States it is rare for third party and independent candidates, other than those of the six parties which have succeeded as major parties (Federalist Party, Democratic-Republican Party, National Republican Party, Democratic Party, Whig Party, Republican Party), to take large shares of the vote in elections.
Listed below are Mayoral elections in which a third party or independent candidate won or were reasonably close to receiving 5.0% of the vote (greater than 4.95%). Winners are shown in bold. All elections are organized by State. These lists do not however include Non-Partisan Elections, where the political affiliations of the candidates aren't shown on the ballot, leaving no real major or minor party candidates.
Year | City | Party | Nominee | # Votes | % Votes | Place | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1889 | San Diego | Citizens' Non-Partisan | Douglas Gunn | 1,817 | 58.41 / 100 |
Elected | |
1893 | San Diego | Independent | William H. Carlson | 1,219 | 46.78 / 100 |
Elected | |
People's | John Castle | 210 | 8.06 / 100 |
4th | |||
1895 | San Diego | Independent | William H. Carlson | 1,090 | 33.93 / 100 |
Re-elected | |
People's | Daniel Stone | 1,015 | 31.59 / 100 |
2nd | |||
1897 | San Diego | Independent | William H. Carlson | 623 | 17.48 / 100 |
Lost Re-election 3rd |
|
People's | Abram C. Mouser | 328 | 9.2 / 100 |
4th | |||
Independent | Henry Sweeney | 251 | 7.04 / 100 |
5th | |||
1901 | San Diego | Socialist | Frank Simpson | 157 | 5.55 / 100 |
3rd | |
1902 | Los Angeles | Union Labor | George McGahan | 3,211 | 16.31 / 100 |
3rd | |
1903 | San Diego | Socialist | Frank Simpson | 219 | 7.3 / 100 |
3rd | |
1905 | San Diego | Independent | John L. Sehon | 2,018 | 52.66 / 100 |
Elected | |
Socialist | W. J. Kirkwood | 438 | 11.43 / 100 |
3rd | |||
1906 | Los Angeles | Nonpartisan | Lee Gates | 8,465 | 27.0 / 100 |
2nd | |
Public Ownership | Stanley Wilson | 8,465 | 12.37 / 100 |
4th | |||
1909 | San Francisco | Union Labor | P. H. McCarthy | 29,455 | 45.86 / 100 |
Elected | |
Year | City | Party | Nominee | # Votes | % Votes | Place | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1879 | Chicago | Socialist Labor | Ernest Schmidt | 11,829 | 20.39 / 100 |
3rd | |
1887 | Chicago | Labor | Robert S. Nelson | 23,490 | 31.27 / 100 |
2nd | |
1891 | Chicago | Reform | Hempstead Washburne | 46,957 | 28.84 / 100 |
Elected | |
Independent Democrat | Carter Harrison Sr. | 42,931 | 26.36 / 100 |
3rd | |||
Citizens | Elmer Washburn | 24,027 | 14.75 / 100 |
4th | |||
1895 | Chicago | People's | Bayard Holmes | 12,882 | 4.96 / 100 |
3rd | |
1897 | Chicago | Independent Republican | John Maynard Harlan | 69,730 | 7.02 / 100 |
2nd | |
Independent | Washington Hesing | 14,780 | 4.99 / 100 |
4th | |||
1899 | Chicago | Municipal Ownership | John Peter Altgeld | 47,169 | 7.02 / 100 |
3rd | |
1905 | Chicago | Socialist | John Collins | 23,034 | 7.02 / 100 |
3rd | |
1911 | Chicago | Socialist | William E. Rodriguez | 24,825 | 6.77 / 100 |
3rd | |
1919 | Chicago | Independent | Maclay Hoyne | 110,851 | 16.05 / 100 |
3rd | |
Labor | John Fitzpatrick | 55,990 | 8.11 / 100 |
4th | |||
1923 | Chicago | Socialist | William A. Cunnea | 41,186 | 5.97 / 100 |
3rd | |
1927 | Chicago | People's Ownership Smash Crime Rings | John Dill Robertson | 51,347 | 5.14 / 100 |
3rd | |
1935 | Chicago | Third | Newton Jenkins | 87,726 | 8.34 / 100 |
3rd | |
1987 | Chicago | Solidarity | Edward Vrdolyak | 468,493 | 41.96 / 100 |
2nd | |
1989 | Chicago | Harold Washington | Timothy C. Evans | 428,105 | 41.12 / 100 |
2nd | |
1991 | Chicago | Harold Washington | R. Eugene Pincham | 160,302 | 25.13 / 100 |
2nd | |
1995 | Chicago | Independent | Roland Burris | 217,315 | 36.25 / 100 |
2nd | |
Year | City | Party | Nominee | # Votes | % Votes | Place | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2016 | Baltimore | Write-in | Sheila Dixon | 49,716 | 22.3 / 100 |
2nd | |
Green | Joshua Harris | 22,204 | 10. / 100 |
4th |
Year | City | Party | Nominee | # Votes | % Votes | Place | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1836 | New York | Equal Rights | Alexander Ming Jr. | 2,712 | 10.31 / 100 |
3rd | |
Native American | Samuel Morse | 1,496 | 5.69 / 100 |
4th | |||
1837 | New York | Equal Rights | Moses Jacques | 4,239 | 12.1 / 100 |
3rd | |
1844 | New York | Native American | James Harper | 24,510 | 48.68 / 100 |
Elected | |
1845 | New York | Native American | James Harper | 17,485 | 35.67 / 100 |
2nd | |
1846 | New York | Native American | William B. Cozzens | 8,372 | 17.97 / 100 |
3rd | |
1854 | New York | American | James W. Barker | 18,547 | 31.1 / 100 |
2nd | |
Independent Democrat | Wilson G. Hunt | 15,397 | 25.82 / 100 |
3rd | |||
1856 | New York | American | Isaac O. Barker | 25,182 | 32.39 / 100 |
2nd | |
Independent Democrat | James S. Libby | 4,684 | 6.03 / 100 |
4th | |||
1859 | New York | Mozart Hall[1] | Fernando Wood | 29,940 | 38.25 / 100 |
Elected | |
1861 | New York | Mozart Hall[1] | Fernando Wood | 24,187 | 32.52 / 100 |
3rd | |
1863 | New York | Reform Democrat | Charles Godfrey Gunther | 29,121 | 40.96 / 100 |
Elected | |
1865 | New York | Mozart Hall[1] | John Hecker | 10,390 | 12.73 / 100 |
3rd | |
McKeon Democracy | Charles Godfrey Gunther | 6,758 | 8.28 / 100 |
4th | |||
1867 | New York | Mozart Hall[1] | Fernando Wood | 22,837 | 21.88 / 100 |
2nd | |
1872 | New York | Reform Democrat | James O'Brien | 31,121 | 23.88 / 100 |
3rd | |
1874 | New York | Liberal Democrat | Oswald Ottendorfer | 24,226 | 18.45 / 100 |
3rd | |
1878 | New York | New York County Democracy[2] | Edward Cooper | 79,986 | 56.02 / 100 |
Elected | |
1884 | New York | New York County Democracy[2] | William Russell Grace | 96,288 | 42.13 / 100 |
Elected | |
1886 | New York | United Labor[3] | Henry George | 68,110 | 31.01 / 100 |
2nd | |
1888 | New York | New York County Democracy[2] | Abram Hewitt | 71,979 | 26.42 / 100 |
3rd | |
1895 | Brooklyn | Reform Democrat | Edward M. Shepard | 9,510 | 5.66 / 100 |
3rd | |
1897 | New York | Citizens Union | Seth Low | 151,540 | 28.83 / 100 |
2nd | |
1905 | New York | Municipal Ownership | William Randolph Hearst | 224,929 | 37.16 / 100 |
2nd | |
1909 | New York | Civic Alliance[4] | William Randolph Hearst | 154,187 | 25.88 / 100 |
3rd | |
1913 | Buffalo | Progressive | John Lord O'Brian | 23,757 | 35.24 / 100 |
2nd | |
New York | Socialist | Charles Edward Russell | 32,205 | 5.12 / 100 |
3rd | ||
1917 | New York | Fusion | John Purroy Mitchel | 155,497 | 23.1 / 100 |
2nd | |
Socialist | Morris Hillquit | 145,332 | 21.59 / 100 |
3rd | |||
1921 | New York | Socialist | Jacob Panken | 82,607 | 7.06 / 100 |
3rd | |
1929 | New York | Socialist | Norman Thomas | 175,697 | 12.29 / 100 |
3rd | |
1932 | New York | Socialist | Morris Hillquit | 249,887 | 12.37 / 100 |
3rd | |
Independent (Write-In) | Joseph V. McKee | 234,372 | 11.6 / 100 |
4th | |||
1933 | New York | Recovery | Joseph V. McKee | 609,053 | 28.3 / 100 |
2nd | |
1937 | Buffalo | Erie County Pole[5] | Joseph Kaszubowski | 11,392 | 5.54 / 100 |
3rd | |
1945 | Buffalo | People's | Frank X. Schwab | 35,257 | 19.8 / 100 |
3rd | |
New York | No Deal[6] | Newbold Morris | 408,408 | 20.6 / 100 |
3rd | ||
1949 | New York | American Labor | Vito Marcantonio | 356,625 | 13.76 / 100 |
3rd | |
1950 | New York | Experience[7] | Vincent R. Impellitteri | 1,161,175 | 44.21 / 100 |
Re-elected | |
1953 | New York | Liberal | Rudolph Halley | 467,104 | 21.16 / 100 |
3rd | |
1957 | Buffalo | Independent | Elmer Lux | 45,759 | 23.82 / 100 |
3rd | |
1961 | Buffalo | Citizens | Frank A. Sedita | 62,196 | 31.56 / 100 |
2nd | |
New York | Citizens | Lawrence E. Gerosa | 321,604 | 13.26 / 100 |
3rd | ||
1965 | New York | Conservative | William F. Buckley Jr. | 341,226 | 13.36 / 100 |
3rd | |
1967 | Yonkers | Conservative | Nicholas DiCostanzo | 5,802 | 6.99 / 100 |
3rd | |
1969 | New York | Liberal | John Lindsay | 1,012,633 | 42.36 / 100 |
Re-elected | |
Yonkers | Conservative | Matthew Hollohan | 4,249 | 5.42 / 100 |
3rd | ||
1973 | New York | Liberal | Albert H. Blumenthal | 262,600 | 15.4 / 100 |
3rd | |
Conservative | Mario Biaggi | 186,977 | 10.96 / 100 |
4th | |||
1977 | Buffalo | Conservative | James D. Griffin | 57,642 | 41.97 / 100 |
Elected | |
New York | Liberal | Mario Cuomo | 587,913 | 40.97 / 100 |
2nd | ||
1981 | Buffalo | Liberal | Alfred Coppola | 7,869 | 9.81 / 100 |
2nd | |
New York | Unity[8] | Frank J. Barbaro | 162,719 | 13.31 / 100 |
2nd | ||
Conservative | John A. Esposito | 60,100 | 4.92 / 100 |
3rd | |||
1983 | Yonkers | Conservative | Carlo Calvi | 7,736 | 13.74 / 100 |
3rd | |
Independent Taxpayers | Charles A. Cola | 6,764 | 7.97 / 100 |
4th | |||
1985 | New York | Liberal | Carol Bellamy | 113,471 | 10.2 / 100 |
2nd | |
1989 | Buffalo | Independent (Write-In) | Wilbur P. Trammell | 11,033 | 16.27 / 100 |
2nd | |
Liberal | William B. Hoyt | 9,632 | 14.2 / 100 |
3rd | |||
Rochester | Independent | John G. Erb | 5,503 | 14.21 / 100 |
3rd | ||
1991 | Yonkers | Independent | Angelo Martinelli | 13,093 | 28.22 / 100 |
3rd | |
1993 | Buffalo | Conservative | Eugene M. Fahey | 7,566 | 14.29 / 100 |
3rd | |
Rochester | Independent | Kevin B. Murray | 2,489 | 6.37 / 100 |
3rd | ||
1997 | Buffalo | Right to Life | James D. Griffin | 16,539 | 23.15 / 100 |
2nd | |
Liberal | James Pitts | 11,424 | 15.99 / 100 |
3rd | |||
2003 | Yonkers | Independence | Michael J. Spano | 2,570 | 7.03 / 100 |
3rd | |
2005 | Rochester | Working Families | Tim Mains | 3,786 | 10.36 / 100 |
3rd | |
2009 | New York | Independent | Michael Bloomberg | 585,470 | 50.7 / 100 |
Re-elected | |
2011 | Rochester | Working Families | William A. Johnson Jr. | 10,732 | 42.21 / 100 |
2nd | |
Green | Alex White | 2,221 | 8.74 / 100 |
3rd | |||
Yonkers | Independence | Carlo Calvi | 3,015 | 10.26 / 100 |
3rd | ||
2013 | Rochester | Independence | Thomas Richards | 13,415 | 39.46 / 100 |
2nd | |
Green | Alex White | 1,784 | 5.25 / 100 |
3rd | |||
Year | City | Party | Nominee | # Votes | % Votes | Place | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1915 | Philadelphia | Franklin | George D. Porter | 88,135 | 33.96 / 100 |
2nd | |
1919 | Philadelphia | Charter | Joseph S. McLaughlin | 17,900 | 6.34 / 100 |
3rd | |
1927 | Philadelphia | Citizens | J. Hampton Moore | 128,611 | 29.29 / 100 |
2nd | |
1975 | Philadelphia | Independent | Charles W. Bowser | 138,783 | 24.61 / 100 |
2nd | |
1979 | Philadelphia | Consumer's | Lucien E. Blackwell | 103,620 | 17.38 / 100 |
3rd | |
1983 | Philadelphia | Independent | Thomas Leonard | 57,146 | 7.97 / 100 |
2nd | |
Year | City | Party | Nominee | # Votes | % Votes | Place | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1981 | Burlington | Independent | Bernie Sanders | 4,030 | 43.43 / 100 |
Elected | |
Independent | Richard Bove | 1,091 | 11.76 / 100 |
3rd | |||
1983 | Burlington | Independent | Bernie Sanders | 6,942 | 52.12 / 100 |
Re-elected | |
1985 | Burlington | Independent | Bernie Sanders | 5,760 | 56.09 / 100 |
Re-elected | |
Independent | Diane Gallagher | 1,234 | 12.02 / 100 |
3rd | |||
1987 | Burlington | Independent | Bernie Sanders | 6,759 | 55.89 / 100 |
Re-elected | |
1989 | Burlington | Independent | Peter Clavelle | 5,626 | 56.11 / 100 |
Elected | |
1993 | Burlington | Independent | Peter Clavelle | 4,579 | 46.49 / 100 |
Lost Re-election 2nd |
|
1995 | Burlington | Independent | Peter Clavelle | N/A | N/A | Elected | |
1999 | Burlington | Progressive | Peter Clavelle | 5,829 | 60.32 / 100 |
Re-elected as Progressive | |
2001 | Burlington | Progressive | Peter Clavelle | 3,426 | 55.18 / 100 |
Re-elected | |
2003 | Burlington | Progressive | Peter Clavelle | 9,270 | 63.69 / 100 |
Re-elected | |
Independent | Unknown (Write-In) | 2,660 | 18.28 / 100 |
2nd | |||
2006 | Burlington | Progressive | Bob Kiss | 4,761 | 41.29 / 100 |
Elected | |
2009 | Burlington | Progressive | Bob Kiss | 2,585 | 28.8 / 100 |
2nd | |
Independent | Dan Smith | 1,306 | 14.55 / 100 |
4th | |||
Progressive | Bob Kiss | 2,981 | 33.76 / 100 |
2nd | |||
4,313 | 51.5 / 100 |
Re-elected | |||||
2012 | Burlington | Independent | Wanda Hines | 506 | 5.03 / 100 |
3rd | |
2015 | Burlington | Progressive | Steven Goodkind | 1,716 | 22.35 / 100 |
2nd | |
Independent | Greg Guma | 508 | 6.62 / 100 |
3rd | |||
Year | City | Party | Nominee | # Votes | % Votes | Place | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1902 | Milwaukee | Socialist | Howard Tuttle | 8,373 | 14.4 / 100 |
3rd | |
References
- The Mozart Hall political organization was run by Fernando Wood, to promote his political interests, usually against those of Tammany Hall.
- Political organization of the 1880s and 1890s that served as a coalition of forces within the Democratic Party opposed to Tammany Hall.
- Short-lived political society of the Central Labor Union.
- Party created for Randolph Hearst's mayoral campaign.
- Party run by Polish residents of Erie County and used as a party line for local races.
- Created by Fiorello LaGuardia to give Newbold Morris a place on the ballot. This was done to draw votes away from the GOP, with whom LaGuardia was involved in a dispute. Disbanded soon after the election.
- Party created for Vincent Impellitteri's mayoral campaign after he was refused nomination by the Democratic Party.
- Progressive Party that existed from the 1970s to 1990s, focused on supporting union members and small businesses
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