List of state leaders in 1448
Africa
- Adal Sultanate – Muhammad ibn Badlay, Sultan (1445–1471)
- Ethiopian Empire – Zara Yaqob (1434–1468)
The Americas
- Aztec Empire – Moctezuma I (1440–1469)
- Inca Empire – Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui (1438–1471)
Asia
- Ayutthaya Kingdom (Siam) –
- Borommarachathirat II (1424–1448)
- Borommatrailokkanat (1448–1488)
- China (Ming dynasty) - Zhengtong Emperor (1435–1449)
- Japan (Muromachi period)
- Monarch – Emperor Go-Hanazono (1428–1464)
- Ashikaga shogunate - vacant
- Joseon (Korea) – Sejong the Great (1418–1450)
- Ryukyu Kingdom – Shō Shitatsu (1443–1449)
Europe
- Kingdom of Aragon – Alfonso V (1416–1458)
- Duchy of Burgundy – Philip III, the Good (1419–1467)
- Byzantine Empire – John VIII Palaiologos (1425–1448)
- Crown of Castile – John II (1406–1454)
- Kingdom of England (House of Lancaster) - Henry VI (1422–1461 and 1470–1471)
- Kingdom of France (House of Valois) - Charles VII (1422–1461)
- Grand Duchy of Moscow - Vasiliy II the Blind (1425–1462)
- Holy Roman Empire - Frederick III, King of the Romans (1440–1493)
- Bavaria-Munich - Albert III, Duke of Bavaria-Munich (1438–1460)
- Electorate of Brandenburg – Frederick II (1440–1471)
- Kingdom of Norway – Christopher of Bavaria (1442–1448)
- Ottoman (Turkish) Empire – Murad II, Ottoman Sultan (1421–1451)
- Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves – Afonso V (1438–1481)
- Kingdom of Scotland – James II (1437–1460)
- Republic of Venice – Francesco Foscari, Doge of Venice (1423–1457)
Middle East and North Africa
- Aq Qoyunlu (White Sheep Turkomans) – Uzun Hassan (1435–1478)
- Kingdom of Cyprus – John II (1432–1458)
- Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt – Jaqmaq (1438–1453)
gollark: Consistently across people, I mean.
gollark: Yes, that sounds hard. People can't even work out what they are.
gollark: If you can allegedly do this in x-con it can surely be done in general.
gollark: You can make a con which does *not* discriminate at all also have such protections against that.
gollark: If you are against discriminating based on traits people can't control, I don't think you should then discriminate against people based on traits they don't control.
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