List of recombinant proteins

The following is a list of notable proteins that are produced from recombinant DNA, using biomolecular engineering.[1] In many cases, recombinant human proteins have replaced the original animal-derived version used in medicine. The prefix "rh" for "recombinant human" appears less and less in the literature. A much larger number of recombinant proteins is used in the research laboratory. These include both commercially available proteins (for example most of the enzymes used in the molecular biology laboratory), and those that are generated in the course specific research projects.

Human recombinants that largely replaced animal or harvested from human types

Medicinal applications
  • Human growth hormone (rHGH): Humatrope from Lilly and Serostim from Serono replaced cadaver harvested human growth hormone
  • human insulin (BHI): Humulin from Lilly and Novolin from Novo Nordisk among others largely replaced bovine and porcine insulin for human therapy. Some prefer to continue using the animal-sourced preparations, as there is some evidence that synthetic insulin varieties are more likely to induce hypoglycemia unawareness. Remaining manufacturers of highly purified animal-sourced insulin include the U.K.'s Wockhardt Ltd. (headquartered in India), Argentina's Laboratorios Beta S.A., and China's Wanbang Biopharma Co.
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) as a recombinant gonadotropin preparation replaced Serono's Pergonal which was previously isolated from post-menopausal female urine
  • Factor VIII: Kogenate from Bayer replaced blood harvested factor VIII

Research applications
  • Ribosomal proteins: For the studies of individual ribosomal proteins, the use of proteins that are produced and purified from recombinant sources[2][3][4][5] has largely replaced those that are obtained through isolation.[6][7] However, isolation is still required for the studies of the whole ribosome.[8][9]
  • Lysosomal proteins: Lysosomal proteins are difficult to produce recombinantly due to the number and type of post-translational modifications that they have (e.g. glycosylation). As a result, recombinant lysosomal proteins are usually produced in mammalian cells.[10] Plant cell culture was used to produce FDA aproved glycosilated lysosmal protein-drug, and additional drug candidates.[11] Recent studies have shown that it may be possible to produce recombinant lysosomal proteins with microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.[12] Recombinant lysosomal proteins are used for both research and medical applications, such as enzyme replacement therapy.[13]

Human recombinants with recombination as only source

Medicinal applications

Animal recombinants

Medicinal applications

Bacterial recombinants

Industrial applications

Viral recombinants

Medicinal applications
  • Envelope protein of the hepatitis B virus marketed as Engerix-B by SmithKline Beecham
  • HPV Vaccine proteins

Plant recombinants

Research applications

Industrial applications
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See also

References
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  2. Danilo Correddu, José de Jesús Montaño López, Praveen G. Vadakkedath, Amy Lai, Jane I. Pernes, Paris R. Watson, Ivanhoe K. H. Leung (2019). "An improved method for the heterologous production of soluble human ribosomal proteins in Escherichia coli". Sci. Rep. 9: 8884. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-45323-8. PMC 6586885. PMID 31222068.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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