List of ancient Persians

Monarchs

Achaemenid dynasty
  • Achaemenes, founder of the dynasty.
  • Teispes of Anshan, his son.
  • Cyrus I of Anshan, his son.
  • Ariaramnes of Persia, son of Teispes and co-ruler of Cyrus I.
  • Cambyses I of Anshan, son of Cyrus I.
  • Arsames of Persia, son of Ariaramnes and co-ruler of Cambyses I
  • Cyrus II the Great, son of Cambyses I, ruled from c. 550 - 530 BC.
  • Cambyses II, his son, ruled 530 - 521 BC.
  • Smerdis, his alleged brother, ruled 521 BC
  • Darius the Great, his brother-in-law and grandson of Arsames, ruled 521 -486 BC.
  • Xerxes I, his son, ruled 486 - 465 BC
  • Artaxerxes I, his son, ruled 464 - 424 BC.
  • Xerxes II, his son, ruled 424 - 423 BC.
  • Sogdianus, his half-brother and rival, ruled 424 - 423 BC.
  • Darius II, his half-brother and rival, ruled 424 - 404 BC.
  • Artaxerxes II, his son, ruled 404 - 358 BC (see also Xenophon).
  • Artaxerxes III,his son, ruled 358 - 338 BC
  • Arses, his son, ruled 338 - 336 BC
  • Darius III Codomannus, great-grandson of Darius II, ruled 336 -330 BC

The epigraphic evidence for the rulers before Cyrus the Great is highly suspect, and often considered to have been invented by Darius I.

Parthian dynasty

See also Argead and Seleucid dynasty for the foreign rulers over Persia 330- 247 BC BC

  • Arsaces I c. 247–211 BC
    • (In some histories, Arsaces's brother Tiridates I is said to have ruled c. 246–211 BC.)
  • Arsaces II c. 211–185 BC (frequently called Artabanus by early scholars)
  • Phriapatius c. 185–170 BC
  • Unknown king (probably the same Phraates I) c. 170–168 BC[1]
  • Phraates I c. 170–167 BC
  • Mithridates I c. 167–132 BC[2]
  • Phraates II c. 132–127 BC
  • Artabanus I c. 127–126 BC
  • Unknown king (probably Vologases (I)) c. 126–122 BC[3]
  • Unknown king (probably Artabanus (II)) c. 122–121 BC[4]
  • Mithridates II c. 121–91 BC
  • Gotarzes I c. 91–87 BC
  • Mithridates (III) c. 88–67 BC
    • Orodes I c. 80–75 BC
    • Sanatruces c. 77–70 BC
    • Unknown king (probably Vardanes (I)) c. 77–66 BC[6]
  • Phraates III c. 70–57 BC
  • Orodes II c. 57–38 BC
    • Pacorus I c. 39–38 BC (co-ruler with his father Orodes II)
  • Phraates IV c. 38–2 BC
  • Phraates V (Phraataces) c. 2 BC–4 AD
    • Musa c. 2 BC–4 AD (co-ruler with her son Phraates V)
  • Orodes III c. 6 AD
  • Vonones I c. 8–12
  • Artabanus (IV) or Artabanus II c. 10–38
  • Gotarzes II c. 40–51
    • Vardanes I c. 40–47
    • Vonones II c. 45–51
    • Mithridates (VI) c. 49–50 [9]
    • Sanabares c. 50–65
  • Vologases I c. 51–78
  • Pacorus II c. 78–115
  • Vologases III c. 105–147
    • Osroes I c. 109–129
    • Mithridates (VII) c. 115–116 killed in battle with Trajanus's troops
    • Sanatruces II c. 116 killed in battle with Parthamaspates's troops
    • Parthamaspates c. 116
    • Mithridates (VIII) or Mithridates IV c. 129–140
    • Unknown king c. 140
  • Vologases IV c. 147–191
    • Osroes II c. 190 (rival claimant)
  • Vologases V c. 191–208
    • Tiridates IV c. 200
  • Vologases VI c. 208–228

Sassanid dynasty, 224-651
  • Ardashir I from 224 to 241.
  • Shapur I from 241 to 272
  • Hormizd I from 272 to 273.
  • Bahram I from 273 to 276.
  • Bahram II from 276 to 293.
  • Bahram III year 293.
  • Narseh from 293 to 302.
  • Hormizd II from 302 to 310.
  • Shapur II from 310 to 379
  • Ardashir II from 379 to 383.
  • Shapur III from 383 to 388.
  • Bahram IV from 388 to 399.
  • Yazdegerd I from 399 to 420.
  • Bahram V from 420 to 438.
  • Yazdegerd II from 438 to 457.
  • Hormizd III from 457 to 459.
  • Peroz I from 457 to 484.
  • Balash from 484 to 488.
  • Kavadh I from 488 to 531.
    • Djamasp from 496 to 498.
  • Khosrau I from 531 to 579.
  • Hormizd IV from 579 to 590.
  • Khosrau II from 590 to 628.
    • Bahram VI from 590 to 591.
    • Bistam from 591 to 592.
    • Hormizd V year 593.
  • Kavadh II year 628.
  • Ardashir III from 628 to 630.
    • Peroz II year 629.
  • Shahrbaraz year 630.
  • Boran and others from 630 to 631.
  • Hormizd VI (or V) from 631 to 632.
  • Yazdegerd III from 632 to 651.

Satraps

Achaemenid

Mithridatic Dynasty of Pontus
  • Mithridates VI Eupator

Women

Religious figures
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References
  1. Assar, G.R.F., "Genealogy & Coinage of the Early Parthian Rulers. I", Parthica, 6, 2004, pp. 69-93.
  2. Assar, G.R.F., "A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 165-91 B.C.", Electrum, vol. 11, 2006, pp. 87-158. Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II", Bulletin of Ancient Iranian History (UCLA), vol. 5, March 2009.
  3. Assar, G.R.F., "A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 165-91 B.C.", Electrum, vol. 11, 2006, pp. 87-158. Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II", Bulletin of Ancient Iranian History (UCLA), vol. 5, March 2009.
  4. Assar, G.R.F., "A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 165-91 B.C.", Electrum, vol. 11, 2006, pp. 87-158. Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II", Bulletin of Ancient Iranian History (UCLA), vol. 5, March 2009.
  5. Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II", Bulletin of Ancient Iranian History (UCLA), vol. 5, March 2009.
  6. Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II", Bulletin of Ancient Iranian History (UCLA), vol. 5, March 2009.
  7. Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II", Bulletin of Ancient Iranian History (UCLA), vol. 5, March 2009.
  8. Josephus Flavius, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XVI, Ch.8.4
  9. Tacitus, The Annals, 11.10
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