List of AO-rated video games
The following is a list of video games that have been given the "Adults Only" (AO) rating by the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB), a United States-based organization which rates the content of video games to determine its appropriateness for specific age groups. Although it is not legally binding under U.S. law, the ESRB rating system is a de facto standard which is self-enforced by the U.S. video game and retail industries.[1] In some Canadian provinces, ESRB ratings are enforceable by law by local film classification boards.[2][3][4]
Games with the AO rating are considered by the board to be suitable for players age 18 and over; AO-rated games can contain higher levels of violent, profane, sexual, or pornographic content than the next-lowest rating on the scale (Mature [M], generally considered suitable for players 17 and over) can accommodate. AO is the highest of the ESRB's content ratings, and restricts the commercial availability of games which carry it; all three major video game console manufacturers (Nintendo,[5] Microsoft,[6] and Sony[7]) refuse to allow AO-rated games to be published for their platforms, most retailers refuse to stock AO-rated games, and the popular video game live streaming service Twitch explicitly bans all games carrying the rating.[8] The only mainstream platform to allow AO-rated games is Steam, which hides them by default.
Due to these self-imposed restrictions on the marketing and distribution of games with the rating, the AO rating has been described as a "kiss of death" by critics, and is essentially a ban.[5][9][10] Relatively few games carry the AO-rating; the majority of AO-rated games are adult video games which received the rating for containing sexual and/or pornographic content, but the ESRB has also issued the rating for games containing extreme violence.[5] The fighting game Thrill Kill (1998) was given an AO rating for its violent content; its release was cancelled after the acquisition of its publisher, Virgin Interactive, by Electronic Arts, as they objected to the game's content. Rockstar Games' Manhunt 2 (2007) was the second game given an AO rating for extremely violent content and the first to be released, but was re-edited to meet the M rating so it could be released on consoles (an uncut, AO-rated version for Windows was released in 2009).[11] Hatred (2015), a game centering on a character indiscriminately murdering everyone he encounters, was the third game to receive the rating solely for violence and the second to be released. The only game to receive the rating for reasons unrelated to violence or sexual content is Peak Entertainment Casinos (2003),[12] which received the rating as it allows the player to gamble using real money.[13]
Fellow Rockstar game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas (2004) was temporarily re-rated to AO from M in response to the release of a mod known as "Hot Coffee", which allowed players to access a sexually-explicit minigame that was removed in development, but still present within the game's code in an incomplete state. The M rating was reinstated after Rockstar released patches and revisions of the game which excluded the content entirely.[14][15][16][17][18][19] San Andreas remains the only mass-released AO game.
List
Title | Release date | Platform | Publisher | ESRB content descriptors | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
All Nude Cyber[20] | 1997[21] | Mac, Windows | MacDaddy Entertainment | Strong sexual content | |
All Nude Glamour[22] | |||||
All Nude Nikki[23] | 1998[21] | ||||
Body Language[24] | 1998[25] | DVD | NuTech Digital | ||
Critical Point[26] | 2002[27] | Windows | Peach Princess | Strong sexual content, violence | |
Crystal Fantasy[28] | 1995[21] | Mac, Windows | MacDaddy Entertainment | Strong sexual content | |
Cyber Photographer[29] | 1996[21] | ||||
eden* PLUS+MOSAIC | January 30, 2015[30] | Windows | MangaGamer | Nudity, strong language, strong sexual content | This game was sent to the ESRB at the request of the Japanese developer in order to get a green-light for the release in the United States.[31] The all-ages version of this game is also rated. |
Ef: A Fairy Tale of the Two[32] | 2014[33] | Blood, nudity, sexual violence, strong language, strong sexual content | Unlike other self-rated games by MangaGamer, this game was sent to the ESRB at the request from the Japanese developer in order to get a green-light for a hardcopy release in the United States.[34] The game was already self-rated 18+ for the digital release. | ||
Fahrenheit: Indigo Prophecy Director's Cut[35] | 2005 | Atari | Blood, nudity, strong language, strong sexual content, use of drugs and alcohol, violence | In North America, an M-rated edit of Fahrenheit was originally released under the title Indigo Prophecy; Quantic Dream CEO Guillaume de Fondaumière remarked that many players imported the uncut European release instead. A 2016 remaster of the game received an M rating with no cuts.[36][37] | |
Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas | October 26, 2004[38] | Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox | Rockstar Games, Take Two Interactive | Blood and gore, intense violence, nudity, strong language, strong sexual content, use of drugs | Originally rated M, San Andreas was temporarily re-rated AO following the discovery of an incomplete "Hot Coffee" minigame that could be enabled with a mod or cheating device, which featured characters engaging in sexual intercourse. Its rating was changed back to M after Rockstar patched the game to remove the offending content entirely.[14][39] The only mass-released AO-rated game |
Hatred | June 1, 2015 | Windows | Destructive Creations | Blood and gore, intense violence, strong language | The game, along with its Steam Greenlight campaign, had been controversial due to its premise, which focuses on a main character who indiscriminately murders every person he encounters.[40][41][42] |
The Joy of Sex[43] | 1993[44] | CD-i | Philips Media | Strong sexual content | First game to receive the rating. |
Leisure Suit Larry: Magna Cum Laude Uncut and Uncensored[45] | October 26, 2004[46] | Windows | Vivendi Games | Mature humor, nudity, strong language, strong sexual content, use of alcohol | |
Lula 3D[47] | June 22, 2005[48] | CDV Software Entertainment USA | Blood, nudity, strong language, strong sexual content, violence | ||
Manhunt 2 (uncut version/PC version only)[11][49] | November 6, 2009[50] | Rockstar Games, Take Two Interactive | Blood and gore, intense violence, strong language, strong sexual content, use of drugs | Manhunt 2 was originally given an AO rating, but was edited by Rockstar to meet the M rating so it could be released on consoles.[51] In 2009, an uncut version was released for PC.[50] Both cuts were also refused classification in the United Kingdom, but Rockstar successfully appealed for an "18" rating on the M-rated edit.[18][51][52] It is the first released AO-rated game to receive the rating due to violence rather than sexual content. | |
Peak Entertainment Casinos[53] | 2003 | Online, Windows | Peak Entertainment | Gambling | Peak Entertainment, a provider of online gambling services, submitted its product to the ESRB for an AO rating to demonstrate its commitment to discouraging underage gambling.[5] It is the only AO-rated game to receive the rating for reasons unrelated to violence or sexual content.[12] |
Playboy: The Mansion: Private Party[54] | 2006 | Windows | Groove Media | Nudity, strong sexual content | Expansion pack for Playboy: The Mansion. |
Playboy Screensaver: The Women of Playboy[55] | 2000 | Mac | Sony Imagesoft | Mature sexual themes | |
Riana Rouge[56] | 1997 | Mac, Windows | Black Dragon | Realistic blood and gore, strong sexual content | |
Seduce Me[57] | 2015 | No Reply Games | Strong sexual content, nudity, strong language, use of drugs | Developed by a studio led by former Guerrilla Games employees Miriam Bellard and Andrejs Skuja, it was pulled from the Steam Greenlight program for its sexual content.[58][59] | |
Sexy Games[60] | 2000 | Mobile phone | Nicosceles | Sexual themes, partial nudity | |
Singles[61] | Windows | Eidos Interactive | Nudity, strong sexual content | ||
Snow Drop[62] | 2001 | Peach Princess | Strong sexual content | ||
Thrill Kill[63] | 1998 (cancelled) | PlayStation | Virgin Interactive | Animated blood and gore, animated violence | Shelved by Electronic Arts after buying Virgin Interactive due to internal objections to its subject matter.[19] It is the first AO-rated game to receive the rating due to violence rather than sexual content. |
Tokimeki Check-in![64] | August 9, 2001 | Windows | Peach Princess | Strong sexual content | |
Water Closet: The Forbidden Chamber[65] | 2001 | ||||
Wet: The Sexy Empire[66] | 1998 | CDV Software Entertainment USA | |||
X-Change[67] | March 9, 2001 | Peach Princess |
References
- "House bill wants $5,000 fine for video games without ESRB rating". Ars Technica. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- "Video and Computer Game Update" (PDF). Manitoba Film Classification Board. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-03-22. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
- "Video and Computer Games". Ontario Film Review Board. Archived from the original on 8 February 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
- "California seeks gaming age limits". Vancouver Sun. Postmedia Network. Archived from the original on 18 March 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
- "The Big A.O." IGN. Archived from the original on 2013-12-10. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
- Kuchera, Ben (2007-07-17). "Peter Moore on AO-rated games: "You have to draw the line somewhere"". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
- "Rating and Parental Controls". PlayStation. Retrieved 2020-07-17.
PlayStation does not publish Adults Only games.
- "Twitch bans Adults Only-rated games from streaming". Polygon. Vox Media. Archived from the original on 2015-05-28. Retrieved May 28, 2015.
- "Retail murder: ESRB rates Manhunt 2 'Adults Only'". Joystiq. AOL. Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- "Factor 5 CEO blasts the ESRB at GCDC, and he's right". Ars Technica. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- "Manhunt 2 PC gets AO rating". GameSpot. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on 2014-03-04. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
- "20 years, 20 questionable game ratings: A timeline of ESRB oddities". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 2019-01-27.
- "ESRB clarifies position". GameSpot. Archived from the original on 2019-01-26.
- "FTC Hot Coffee ruling scalds, but doesn't burn Take-Two". GameSpot. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on July 8, 2006. Retrieved July 1, 2006.
- "Vivid: Sony said no to PS3 porn streaming". CNET. Archived from the original on 2010-06-05. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
- Sinclair, Brendan (20 June 2007). "Sony, Nintendo refuse to allow AO rated games on their consoles". GameSpot. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
- "The Manhunt Saga: ESRB assigns AO rating". Ars Technica. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on 2013-12-13. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
- "Manhunt 2 will see Halloween release date after getting M rating". Ars Technica. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on 2013-12-13. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
- "EA kills 'Thrill Kill' game before release". ZDNet. CNET Networks. Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- "All Nude Cyber". ESRB. Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- "Games Published by MacDaddy Entertainment, Inc". AllGame. Archived from the original on 2014-11-17. Retrieved 2014-09-27.
- "All Nude Glamour". ESRB. Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- "All Nude Nikki". ESRB. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
- "Body Language". ESRB. Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- "Erotic Heat Vol. 4: Body Language". AllGame. Archived from the original on 2014-11-14. Retrieved 2014-09-27.
- "Critical Point". ESRB. Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- "Erotic Heat Vol. 4: Body Language". AllGame. Archived from the original on 2014-11-14. Retrieved 2014-09-27.
- "Crystal Fantasy". ESRB. Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- "Cyber Photographer". ESRB. Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-02-04. Retrieved 2015-02-04.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- "Why MangaGamer Bothered Submitting An Adult Visual Novel To The ESRB". Siliconera. Curse, Inc. Archived from the original on 2014-10-28. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
- "ef - a fairy tale of the two". ESRB. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-02-04. Retrieved 2015-01-29.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- "Why MangaGamer Bothered Submitting An Adult Visual Novel To The ESRB". Silionera. Curse, Inc. Archived from the original on 2014-10-28. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
- "Fahrenheit: Indigo Prophecy Director's Cut: PC CD ROM". ESRB. Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- "Twitch enforces US 'adult only' ban worldwide". Wired.co.uk. Conde Nast. Archived from the original on 2016-09-23. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
- "No Need To Import Heavy Rain In America". Kotaku. Gawker Media. Archived from the original on 2013-10-14. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
- "Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas ["AO" Version]". AllGame. Archived from the original on 2014-12-10. Retrieved 2014-09-27.
- "San Andreas rated AO, Take-Two suspends production". GameSpot. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on 2013-12-26. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
- "Hatred given Adults Only rating in US and Canada". Polygon. Vox Media. Archived from the original on 2015-01-16. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
- Campbell, Colin (October 16, 2014). "The worst trailer of the year revels in slaughtering innocents". Polygon. Vox Media. Archived from the original on October 17, 2014. Retrieved October 16, 2014.
- Crossley, Rob. "Gabe Newell Steps in to Reinstate Controversial Shooter on Steam". GameSpot. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on 2015-05-30. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
- "The Joy Of Sex". ESRB. Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- "The Joy of Sex". AllGame. Archived from the original on 2014-12-10. Retrieved 2014-09-27.
- "Leisure Suit Larry: Magna Cum Laude Uncut and Uncensored". ESRB. Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- "Leisure Suit Larry: Magna Cum Laude -- Uncut and Uncensored". AllGame. Archived from the original on 2014-12-11. Retrieved 2014-09-27.
- "Lula 3D". ESRB. Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- "Lula 3D". AllGame. Archived from the original on 2014-12-10. Retrieved 2014-09-27.
- "Manhunt 2". ESRB. Archived from the original on 2015-05-28. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- "Manhunt 2". AllGame. Archived from the original on 2014-12-11. Retrieved 2014-09-27.
- "Manhunt 2 denied UK release". CVG. Future. Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- Matt Wales (3 October 2008). "Manhunt 2 Dated in UK". IGN. Archived from the original on 2012-02-15. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- "Peak Entertainment Casinos". ESRB. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- "Playboy the Mansion: Private Party". ESRB. Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- "Playboy Screensaver :The Women Of Playboy". ESRB. Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- "Riana Rouge". ESRB. Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- "Seduce Me". ESRB. Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- "Is Porn Right for Games?". IGN. Archived from the original on 2014-03-14. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
- "No Sex Please, We're Gamers". GamesIndustry.biz. Archived from the original on 2014-03-14. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
- "Sexy games". ESRB. Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- "Singles". ESRB. Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- "Snow Drop". ESRB. Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- "Thrill Kill". ESRB. Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- "Tokimeki Checkin!". ESRB. Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- "Water Closet: The Forbidden Chamber". ESRB. Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- "WET - The Sexy Empire". ESRB. Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- "X-Change". ESRB. Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 16 December 2013.