Leslie Coffelt

Murder of Leslie Coffelt
	Part of attempted assassination of Harry S. Truman
Location	Blair House; 1651 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW; Washington, D.C.
Coordinates	38°53′56″N 77°2′19″W
Date	November 1, 1950 ; 2:20 p.m. (EST)
Target	President Harry S. Truman
Attack type	Shooting
Weapons	Walther P38, Luger pistol
Deaths	Two: Leslie Coffelt, Griselio Torresola
Injured	Three: Donald Birdzell, Oscar Collazo, Joseph Downs
Perpetrators	Oscar Collazo, Griselio Torresola
Motive	Political status of Puerto Rico

Leslie William "Les" Coffelt
Leslie William "Les" Coffelt
Born	August 15, 1910; Oranda, Virginia, U.S.
Died	November 1, 1950 (aged 40); Washington, D.C., U.S.
Resting place	Arlington National Cemetery, Washington, D.C.; 38.88°N 77.07°W
Relatives	Cressie Elinor Coffelt (née Morgan, wife); Cora Jane Miller (stepdaughter)
	Police career
Country	United States
Allegiance	United States
Department	D.C. Metropolitan Police Department; and White House Police Force
Service years	1929–1936, 1941–1950
Rank	Officer

Leslie William "Les" Coffelt (August 15, 1910 – November 1, 1950) was an officer of the White House Police, who was killed while successfully defending U.S. President Harry S. Truman against an armed attack on November 1, 1950, at Blair House, where the president was living during renovations at the White House.

Coffelt was wounded during the assassination attempt, which two Puerto Rican nationalists carried out. Though mortally wounded by three bullets, Coffelt returned fire moments later and killed one of the attackers with a single shot to the head. The other was convicted by a federal jury and sentenced to death; Truman commuted the sentence to life imprisonment and the man was released from jail in 1979.

Acknowledging the importance of the question of Puerto Rico's status, Truman authorized a referendum in Puerto Rico in 1952 to determine its relationship to the U.S.[1]

Personal life

Leslie Coffelt was born to Will Coffelt and Effie Keller in the Shenandoah Valley town of Oranda, Virginia. He had 4 siblings; Harry, Hollis, Norman, and Mildred. He grew up hunting and handling firearms. Coffelt was the second in his family to graduate from high school, and he was described by those who knew him as an expert sharpshooter.

Coffelt met and fell in love with Chessie Elinor Morgan of Uniontown, Pennsylvania, who was training to become a nurse. Coffelt and Morgan were married on October 5, 1937, in Prince George's County, Maryland. They moved into an apartment in Washington. Coffelt was also a Freemason and a member of Potomac Lodge #5 F.A.A.M. in Georgetown, Washington D.C.[2]

Career

In 1928, Coffelt left Oranda to look for a job in Washington, D.C., and became a police officer with the Metropolitan Police Department in 1929. He was assigned to Precinct 3, which ran the length of K Street. In 1936, he resigned to become a building technician.

In 1941, Coffelt returned to the Metropolitan Police. In 1942 he requested and was awarded a transfer to the White House Police.

That year, as the US entered World War II, Coffelt was drafted and assigned to B Company, 300th Infantry Regiment, United States Army. Coffelt served less than two years and never made it overseas; the Army gave him a medical discharge. In 1945, he returned to duty with the White House Police.

Truman assassination attempt

On November 1, 1950, would-be assassins Griselio Torresola and Oscar Collazo, Nationalists who supported the independence of Puerto Rico from the United States, attacked officers at the Blair House in order to assassinate President Truman. He was living there because of a major renovation at the White House for structural problems.

Torresola approached from the west side while Collazo engaged Secret Service agents and White House policemen from the east. Torresola approached the guard booth at the west corner of the Blair House and fired at Coffelt from close range. His three shots struck Coffelt in the chest and abdomen, mortally wounding him. A fourth shot passed through the policeman's tunic.

Torresola shot two other policemen before running out of ammunition, then moved to the left of the Blair House steps to reload. Coffelt went out of his booth and fired at Torresola from 31 feet (9.4 m) away, hitting him behind the ear and killing him instantly. Coffelt limped back to the booth and blacked out. He died of his wounds four hours later in a hospital.

A plaque on the Blair House fence commemorates Officer Coffelt's sacrifice.

Aftermath

President Truman wrote in a letter a short time later:

I'm sorry I didn’t get to talk to you and (cousin) Nellie at the dinner or after it. But I'm really a prisoner now.

...The grand guards who were hurt in the attempt on me didn't have a fair chance. The one who was killed was just cold bloodedly murdered before he could do anything. But his assassin did not live but a couple of minutes – one of the S.S. (Secret Service) men put a bullet in one ear and it came out the other...

The S.S. chief said to me, "Mr. President, don't you know that when there's an Air Raid Alarm you don't run out and look up, you go for cover." I saw the point but it was over then.

Hope it won't happen again. They won't let me go walking or even cross the street on foot. I say 'they' won't, but it causes them so much anguish that I conform ... But I want no more guards killed. - Letter from Truman to his cousin, Ethel Noland, dated November 17, 1950[3]

Coffelt's tombstone at Arlington National Cemetery

Coffelt's widow, Cressie E. Coffelt, was later asked by the President and the Secretary of State to go to Puerto Rico, to accept the condolences and expressions of sorrow for her husband's death from various Puerto Rican leaders and crowds. Mrs. Coffelt made a speech acknowledging that the island's people were not responsible for the acts of Collazo and Torresola.

Oscar Collazo was convicted and sentenced to death in federal court; Truman commuted the sentence to life imprisonment. Acknowledging the importance of the question of Puerto Rican independence, Truman allowed a plebiscite in Puerto Rico in 1952 to determine the status of its relationship to the U.S.[4] The people voted to continue as a Free Associated State, as established in 1950.

Private Coffelt was buried in Arlington National Cemetery on November 4, 1950, in Section 17, Site 17719-59. His epitaph reads, "White House Policeman: Who Gave His Life in Defense of the President of the United States During an Assassination Attempt at the Blair House, Washington, D.C." To this day, Coffelt is one of only four Secret Service members to take a bullet while defending the President, the others being Donald Birdzell and Joseph Downs, who were wounded during the same incident, and Tim McCarthy. McCarthy was wounded in the abdomen by John Hinckley Jr. during the attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan.

A plaque at the Blair House commemorates Coffelt's sacrifice, heroism, and fidelity to his duty and his country. The day room for the U.S. Secret Service's Uniformed Division at the Blair House is named for Coffelt as well.

In 1979, President Jimmy Carter commuted Collazo's sentence to time served, and granted the man release. Collazo returned to Puerto Rico, where he died in 1994.

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References

General references

Stephen Hunter and John Bainbridge Jr., American Gunfight: The Plot To Kill Harry Truman - And The Shoot-Out That Stopped It, Simon & Schuster (2005), ISBN 0-7432-6068-6.
Truman, Harry S. (1980). Ferrell, Robert H. (ed.). Off the Record: The Private Papers of Harry S. Truman. Harper & Row. pp. 198–199. ISBN 978-0-8262-1119-4.

Inline citations

Hunter, Stephen; Bainbridge Jr., John (2005). American Gunfight: The Plot To Kill Harry Truman – And The Shoot-Out That Stopped It. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 4, 251. ISBN 978-0-7432-6068-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Cornwell, David. "Potomac Lodge #5 F.A.A.M." facebook.com. Retrieved August 20, 2017.
Truman, Harry S. (1980). Ferrell, Robert H. (ed.). Off the Record: The Private Papers of Harry S. Truman. Harper & Row. p. 198. ISBN 978-0-8262-1119-4.
Hunter, Stephen; Bainbridge Jr., John (2005). American Gunfight: The Plot To Kill Harry Truman – And The Shoot-Out That Stopped It. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 4, 251. ISBN 978-0-7432-6068-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

External links

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[1] Hunter, Stephen; Bainbridge Jr., John (2005). American Gunfight: The Plot To Kill Harry Truman – And The Shoot-Out That Stopped It. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 4, 251. ISBN 978-0-7432-6068-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

[2] Cornwell, David. "Potomac Lodge #5 F.A.A.M." facebook.com. Retrieved August 20, 2017.

[3] Truman, Harry S. (1980). Ferrell, Robert H. (ed.). Off the Record: The Private Papers of Harry S. Truman. Harper & Row. p. 198. ISBN 978-0-8262-1119-4.

[4] Hunter, Stephen; Bainbridge Jr., John (2005). American Gunfight: The Plot To Kill Harry Truman – And The Shoot-Out That Stopped It. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 4, 251. ISBN 978-0-7432-6068-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)