Les Enfers

Les Enfers is a municipality in the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

Les Enfers
Les Enfers village
Coat of arms
Location of Les Enfers
Les Enfers
Les Enfers
Coordinates: 47°18′N 07°03′E
CountrySwitzerland
CantonJura
DistrictFranches-Montagnes
Government
 • MayorMaire
Samuel Oberli
Area
 • Total7.09 km2 (2.74 sq mi)
Elevation
955 m (3,133 ft)
Population
 (2018-12-31)[2]
 • Total133
 • Density19/km2 (49/sq mi)
Postal code
2875
SFOS number6745
Surrounded bySoubey, Montfavergier, Saint-Brais, Montfaucon, Saignelégier
Websitelesenfers.ch
SFSO statistics

History

Les Enfers is first mentioned in 1330 as Au cruz des Enfers.[3]

Geography
Entrance into the municipality

Les Enfers has an area of 7.12 km2 (2.75 sq mi).[4] Of this area, 3.46 km2 (1.34 sq mi) or 48.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while 3.41 km2 (1.32 sq mi) or 47.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.19 km2 (0.073 sq mi) or 2.7% is settled (buildings or roads) and 0.03 km2 (7.4 acres) or 0.4% is unproductive land.[5]

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 1.3% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.0%. Out of the forested land, 44.7% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.1% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 8.0% is used for growing crops and 25.6% is pastures and 14.8% is used for alpine pastures.[5]

The municipality is located in the Franches-Montagnes district. It consists of the village of Les Enfers and the hamlet of Cerniévillers.

The municipalities of Le Bémont, Les Bois, Les Breuleux, La Chaux-des-Breuleux, Les Enfers, Les Genevez, Lajoux, Montfaucon, Muriaux, Le Noirmont, Saignelégier, Saint-Brais and Soubey are considering a merger on at a date in the future into the new municipality of Franches-Montagnes.[6]

Coat of arms

The municipal coat of arms is canting for the French word for Hell.[7]

Demographics
Les Enfers

Les Enfers has a population (as of December 2018) of 133.[8] As of 2008, 1.9% of the population are resident foreign nationals.[9] Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 19.1%. Migration accounted for 0%, while births and deaths accounted for 11.5%.[10]

Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks French (110 or 84.6%) as their first language, German is the second most common (18 or 13.8%) and English is the third (1 or 0.8%).[11]

As of 2008, the population was 48.7% male and 51.3% female. The population was made up of 74 Swiss men (47.4% of the population) and 2 (1.3%) non-Swiss men. There were 80 Swiss women (51.3%) and (0.0%) non-Swiss women.[12] Of the population in the municipality, 49 or about 37.7% were born in Les Enfers and lived there in 2000. There were 41 or 31.5% who were born in the same canton, while 30 or 23.1% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 10 or 7.7% were born outside of Switzerland.[11]

As of 2000, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 36.9% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 56.2% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 6.9%.[10]

As of 2000, there were 61 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 62 married individuals, 6 widows or widowers and 1 individual who was divorced.[11]

As of 2000, there were 43 private households in the municipality, and an average of 3.0 persons per household.[10] There were 7 households that consist of only one person and 9 households with five or more people. In 2000, a total of 43 apartments (72.9% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 13 apartments (22.0%) were seasonally occupied and 3 apartments (5.1%) were empty.[13] As of 2009, the construction rate of new housing units was 12.8 new units per 1000 residents.[10] The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010, was 1.49%.[10]

The historical population is given in the following chart:[3][14]

Politics

In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SPS which received 29.81% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CSP (24.04%), the CVP (23.08%) and the FDP (12.5%). In the federal election, a total of 53 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 48.2%.[15]

Economy

As of  2010, Les Enfers had an unemployment rate of 6.6%. As of 2008, there were 29 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 10 businesses involved in this sector. 3 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 2 businesses in this sector. 7 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 3 businesses in this sector.[10] There were 63 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 41.3% of the workforce.

In 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 30. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 20, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 3 of which 2 or (66.7%) were in manufacturing and 1 was in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 7. In the tertiary sector; 5 were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 1 was in the movement and storage of goods and 1 was in a hotel or restaurant.[16]

In 2000, there were 20 workers who commuted into the municipality and 28 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.4 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 20.0% of the workforce coming into Les Enfers are coming from outside Switzerland.[17] Of the working population, 1.6% used public transportation to get to work, and 47.6% used a private car.[10]

Religion

From the 2000 census, 95 or 73.1% were Roman Catholic, while 3 or 2.3% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 10 individuals (or about 7.69% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. 26 (or about 20.00% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 1 individuals (or about 0.77% of the population) did not answer the question.[11]

Education

In Les Enfers about 31 or (23.8%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 13 or (10.0%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 13 who completed tertiary schooling, 61.5% were Swiss men, 38.5% were Swiss women.[11]

The Canton of Jura school system provides two year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend a three or four year optional upper Secondary school followed by some form of Tertiary school or they may enter an apprenticeship.[18]

During the 2009-10 school year, there were a total of 55 students attending 4 classes in the Le Bémont-Les Enfers school district. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 12 students in the municipality.[19] The municipality had 3 primary classes and 43 students.[20] There are only nine Secondary schools in the canton, so all the students from Les Enfers attend their secondary school in another municipality.

As of 2000, there were 10 students in Les Enfers who came from another municipality, while 23 residents attended schools outside the municipality.[17]

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References
  1. "Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  2. "Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeitskategorie Geschlecht und Gemeinde; Provisorische Jahresergebnisse; 2018". Federal Statistical Office. 9 April 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
  3. Les Enfers in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  4. Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeindedaten nach 4 Hauptbereichen
  5. Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics 2009 data (in German) accessed 25 March 2010
  6. Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz Archived 13 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office (in German) accessed 21 December 2011
  7. Flags of the World.com Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine accessed 5 January 2012
  8. Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB, online database – Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit (in German) accessed 23 September 2019
  9. Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Superweb database - Gemeinde Statistics 1981-2008 Archived 28 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 19 June 2010
  10. Swiss Federal Statistical Office Archived 5 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine accessed 5 January 2012
  11. STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000 Archived 9 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 2 February 2011
  12. Canton Jura Statistics- Population résidante permanente au 1er janvier 2010, canton du Jura et communes Archived 26 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine (in French) accessed 2 March 2011
  13. Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen Archived 7 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 28 January 2011
  14. Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000 Archived 30 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 29 January 2011
  15. Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton Archived 14 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 28 May 2010
  16. Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1-3 Archived 25 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 28 January 2011
  17. Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Statweb (in German) accessed 24 June 2010
  18. EDK/CDIP/IDES (2010). Kantonale Schulstrukturen in der Schweiz und im Fürstentum Liechtenstein / Structures Scolaires Cantonales en Suisse et Dans la Principauté du Liechtenstein (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 24 June 2010.
  19. Effectifs de l'école enfantine 2009-2010 Archived 14 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine (in French) accessed 19 December 2011
  20. Effectifs de l'école primaire (in French) accessed 19 December 2011
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