Leptobrachella

Leptobrachella
	Leptobrachella fuliginosa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Megophryidae
Genus:	Leptobrachella; Smith, 1925
Type species
	Leptobrachella mjöbergi; Smith, 1925
Diversity
	See text
Synonyms
	Nesobia Kampen, 1923 — junior homonym of Nesobia Ancey, 1887

Leptobrachella is a genus of the family Megophryidae in the order Anura, and are found on Borneo and Natuna Islands. They are sometimes referred to as Borneo frogs, slender-armed frogs,[1] or dwarf litter frogs.[2][3]

Description

Leptobrachella are small frogs that are not easily seen as they are well camouflaged on the ground. However, their advertisement call is loud, and they can be abundant along streams.[3]

The tadpoles of Leptobrachella are unusual in their vermiform or eel-like appearance. The transition from the narrow, cylindrical trunk into the strong tail is nearly seamless, and the tail fin is very low. This body shape is interpreted as an adaptation to a fossorial life style: Leptobrachella tadpoles live in the gravel beds of small streams. In Leptobrachella mjobergi where more detailed observations have been made, tadpoles have unusually mobile head and trunk. While smaller tadpoles seem to use existing interstitial spaces, larger ones can actively push their way through gravel.[4]

Species

The following species are recognised in the genus Leptobrachella:[1]

Leptobrachella aerea (Rowley, Stuart, Richards, Phimmachak, and Sivongxay, 2010)
Leptobrachella alpina (Fei, Ye, and Li, 1990)
Leptobrachella applebyi (Rowley and Cao, 2009)
Leptobrachella arayai (Matsui, 1997)
Leptobrachella ardens (Rowley, Tran, Le, Dau, Peloso, Nguyen, Hoang, Nguyen, and Ziegler, 2016)
Leptobrachella baluensis Smith, 1931
Leptobrachella bidoupensis (Rowley, Le, Tran, and Hoang, 2011)
Leptobrachella bijie Wang, Li, Li, Chen, and Wang, 2019
Leptobrachella bondangensis Eto, Matsui, Hamidy, Munir, and Iskandar, 2018
Leptobrachella botsfordi (Rowley, Dau, and Nguyen, 2013)
Leptobrachella bourreti (Dubois, 1983)
Leptobrachella brevicrus Dring, 1984
Leptobrachella crocea (Rowley, Hoang, Le, Dau, and Cao, 2010)
Leptobrachella dringi (Dubois, 1987)
Leptobrachella eos (Ohler, Wollenberg, Grosjean, Hendrix, Vences, Ziegler, and Dubois, 2011)
Leptobrachella firthi (Rowley, Hoang, Dau, Le, and Cao, 2012)
Leptobrachella fritinniens (Dehling and Matsui, 2013)
Leptobrachella fuliginosa (Matsui, 2006)
Leptobrachella fusca Eto, Matsui, Hamidy, Munir, and Iskandar, 2018
Leptobrachella gracilis (Günther, 1872)
Leptobrachella hamidi (Matsui, 1997)
Leptobrachella heteropus (Boulenger, 1900)
Leptobrachella isos (Rowley, Stuart, Neang, Hoang, Dau, Nguyen, and Emmett, 2015)
Leptobrachella itiokai Eto, Matsui, and Nishikawa, 2016
Leptobrachella juliandringi Eto, Matsui, and Nishikawa, 2015
Leptobrachella kajangensis (Grismer, Grismer, and Youmans, 2004)
Leptobrachella kalonensis (Rowley, Tran, Le, Dau, Peloso, Nguyen, Hoang, Nguyen, and Ziegler, 2016)
Leptobrachella kecil (Matsui, Belabut, Ahmad, and Yong, 2009)
Leptobrachella khasiorum (Das, Tron, Rangad, and Hooroo, 2010)
Leptobrachella lateralis (Anderson, 1871)
Leptobrachella laui (Sung, Yang, and Wang, 2014)
Leptobrachella liui (Fei and Ye, 1990)
Leptobrachella macrops (Duong, Do, Ngo, Nguyen, and Poyarkov, 2018)
Leptobrachella maculosa (Rowley, Tran, Le, Dau, Peloso, Nguyen, Hoang, Nguyen, and Ziegler, 2016)
Leptobrachella mangshanensis (Hou, Zhang, Hu, Li, Shi, Chen, Mo, and Wang, 2018)
Leptobrachella maoershanensis (Yuan, Sun, Chen, Rowley, and Che, 2017)
Leptobrachella marmorata (Matsui, Zainudin, and Nishikawa, 2014)
Leptobrachella maura (Inger, Lakim, Biun, and Yambun, 1997)
Leptobrachella melanoleuca (Matsui, 2006)
Leptobrachella melica (Rowley, Stuart, Neang, and Emmett, 2010)
Leptobrachella minima (Taylor, 1962)
Leptobrachella mjobergi Smith, 1925
Leptobrachella nahangensis (Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov, and Ho, 1998)
Leptobrachella namdongensis Hoang, Nguyen, Luu, Nguyen, and Jiang, 2019
Leptobrachella natunae (Günther, 1895)
Leptobrachella nokrekensis (Mathew and Sen, 2010)
Leptobrachella nyx (Ohler, Wollenberg, Grosjean, Hendrix, Vences, Ziegler, and Dubois, 2011)
Leptobrachella oshanensis (Liu, 1950)
Leptobrachella pallida (Rowley, Tran, Le, Dau, Peloso, Nguyen, Hoang, Nguyen, and Ziegler, 2016)
Leptobrachella palmata Inger and Stuebing, 1992
Leptobrachella parva Dring, 1984
Leptobrachella pelodytoides (Boulenger, 1893)
Leptobrachella petrops (Rowley, Dau, Hoang, Le, Cutajar, and Nguyen, 2017)
Leptobrachella picta (Malkmus, 1992)
Leptobrachella platycephala (Dehling, 2012)
Leptobrachella pluvialis (Ohler, Marquis, Swan, and Grosjean, 2000)
Leptobrachella puhoatensis (Rowley, Dau, and Cao, 2017)
Leptobrachella purpura (Yang, Zeng, and Wang, 2018)
Leptobrachella purpuraventra Wang, Li, Li, Chen, and Wang, 2019
Leptobrachella pyrrhops (Poyarkov, Rowley, Gogoleva, Vassilieva, Galoyan, and Orlov, 2015)
Leptobrachella rowleyae (Nguyen, Poyarkov, Le, Vo, Ninh, Duong, Murphy, and Sang, 2018)
Leptobrachella sabahmontana (Matsui, Nishikawa, and Yambun, 2014)
Leptobrachella serasanae Dring, 1984
Leptobrachella shangsiensis Chen, Liao, Zhou, and Mo, 2019
Leptobrachella sola (Matsui, 2006)
Leptobrachella sungi (Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov, and Ho, 1998)
Leptobrachella tadungensis (Rowley, Tran, Le, Dau, Peloso, Nguyen, Hoang, Nguyen, and Ziegler, 2016)
Leptobrachella tamdil (Sengupta, Sailo, Lalremsanga, Das, and Das, 2010)
Leptobrachella tengchongensis (Yang, Wang, Chen, and Rao, 2016)
Leptobrachella tuberosa (Inger, Orlov, and Darevsky, 1999)
Leptobrachella ventripunctata (Fei, Ye, and Li, 1990)
Leptobrachella wuhuangmontis Wang, Yang, and Wang, 2018
Leptobrachella yingjiangensis (Yang, Zeng, and Wang, 2018)
Leptobrachella yunkaiensis Wang, Li, Lyu, and Wang, 2018
Leptobrachella zhangyapingi (Jiang, Yan, Suwannapoom, Chomdej, and Che, 2013)

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References

Frost, Darrel R. (2019). "Leptobrachella Smith, 1925". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
Wild Borneo: The Wildlife and Scenery of Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei, and Kalimantan. New Holland Publishers. 2006. p. 69. ISBN 978-1845373788.
Haas, A., Hertwig, S.T., Das, I. (2015). "Leptobrachella Dwarf Litter Frogs". Frogs of Borneo. Retrieved 31 August 2015.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Haas, A.; Hertwig, S.; Das, I. (2006). "Extreme tadpoles: The morphology of the fossorial megophryid larva, Leptobrachella mjobergi" (PDF). Zoology. 109 (1): 26–42. doi:10.1016/j.zool.2005.09.008. PMID 16376062.

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[frost-1] Frost, Darrel R. (2019). "Leptobrachella Smith, 1925". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 6 December 2019.

[2] Wild Borneo: The Wildlife and Scenery of Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei, and Kalimantan. New Holland Publishers. 2006. p. 69. ISBN 978-1845373788.

[Borneo-3] Haas, A., Hertwig, S.T., Das, I. (2015). "Leptobrachella Dwarf Litter Frogs". Frogs of Borneo. Retrieved 31 August 2015.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[4] Haas, A.; Hertwig, S.; Das, I. (2006). "Extreme tadpoles: The morphology of the fossorial megophryid larva, Leptobrachella mjobergi" (PDF). Zoology. 109 (1): 26–42. doi:10.1016/j.zool.2005.09.008. PMID 16376062.