Leopold Trattinnick

Leopold Trattinnick (26 May 1764 in Klosterneuburg – 24 January 1849 in Vienna) was an Austrian botanist and mycologist. He was a curator of the Royal Natural History collection in Vienna. He published several mycological and other botanical works. Most of these works were illustrated with engravings and many of them were hand coloured (pre-colour printing). He also gave out collections of wax replicas of species of fungi and later sponges.

Leopold Trattinnick
Born26 May 1764
Klosterneuburg, Lower Austria
Died24 January 1849
Vienna, Austria
NationalityAustrian
Known forTaxonomy
Botany
Scientific career
FieldsBotany
Author abbrev. (botany)Tratt.

Biography
A painted illustration of a Pelargonium from Trattinnick's book 'Neu Arten von Pelargonium', c.1825-34

Leopold Trattinnick was born on 26 May 1764 near Vienna to a wealthy and influential family.

He originally began to study law but his interests in nature grew and he started studying Science and divided his time amongst the fields of entomology, mineralogy and botany.[1] His main area of Interest was mycology and spermatophytes.[2]

In 1797, he published 'Anleitung zur Cultur der ächten Baumwolle in Österreich' (translated as 'Introduction to the culture of true cotton in Austria'). It was his first botanical publication. This was followed by 'Genera Plantarum Methodo Naturali Disposita', in 1802, which was a proposal for a natural arrangement of some plant genera.[1]

Between 1804-1806, he published several works about mushrooms (mycology), including 'Fungi Austriaci'. He also staged an exhibition with wax sculpted mushroom replicas, called the 'Mycological Cabinet'.[3] A second collection (with edible sponges) was made in 1830.[4] The Mycological Cabinet was numbered in Arabic numerals (1-42). The second collection of sponges is numbered with letters (A-FF).[3] In 1809, he published 'The edible sponges of the Empire of Austria'.[3][5] Several places still have these wax collections including the 'Museo Civico di storia naturale' in Trieste, Italy (only up to no. 18), the portrait collection of the National Library in Vienna, which has wax models from both series, the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna, which also has wax models from both series and the 'Department of Botany' in the Hungarian National Museum in Budapest.[3]

Between 1805-1819, 7 Volumes of 'Thesaurus Botanicus' were published with botanical Illustrations (which include works from Ignace Strenzel (or Ignaz Stremel) (professor at the Vienna Academy, 1786-1832), Franz Reinelli (a flower specialist at the Royal Vienna porcelain works, 1785-1812) and Johann Buchberger from Vienna.[6] It contained 80 plates.[1][7]

He did not have an official botanical position until 1806 when he became the “Landschafts-Phytographen von Niederösterreich”,(plant illustrator of the landscape of Lower Austria).[1][3]

In 1809, the Kaiser of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Emperor Francis I, appointed him “Kustos des K.k. Hof- Naturalienkabinetts” (which translated means 'Custodian of the Royal Natural History Collections'). He held this position until 1835/36.[1] 'Kaiserlichen Hof-Naturalienkabinett' is now the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien in Vienna.

Whilst being a curator, he organised the specimens of various plant generas including Theophrasta, Sophora, Hermannia and Psoralea. These were collected by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin.[8]

Between 1811-1818, he published 'Archiv der Gewächskunde' (Archives of the Greenhouse Customer). This two-volume work included 250 engravings of plants.[1][4] The copper plates included domestic and foreign plants in any order. It was not a popular piece of work as it had many copies of current illustrations.[4]

Between 1811-1816, he published "Observationes Botanicae" (in 4 Fascimila). Another piece of work with very low sales.[4]

Between 1812-1818, he published 'Arch Gewächsk' (Archiv der Gewächskunde) Wein.[9]

Between 1812-1822, he published 'Auswahl vorzüglich schöner, seltener, berühmter, und sonst sehr merkwürdiger Gartenpflanzen, in getreuen Abbildungen nebst Erläuterungen über ihre Charakteristik, Verwandschaft, Klassification, Geschichte, Verwendung, Cultur, und ästhetischen Ansichten' (translation: Selection of Exquisitely Beautiful, Rare, Famous and Otherwise Very Strange Garden Plants, in faithful pictures together with explanations of their characteristics, relationships/ kinship, classification, history, use, culture and aesthetic properties). It included 219 engraved plates, 218 of them hand-coloured. A set sold in 1999 for £9,775[1]

In 1812, all known species in the genus Hosta were grouped together by Trattinnick, and named in honour of his fellow Austrian Nicholas Thomas Host, who was a botanist and physician at the court of Emperor Frances I of Austria.[10] It was first thought that the name was invalid, as a Verbena (now known as Cornutia) had already been named "Hosta", but Linnaeus then re-classified the plant as a 'Verbena'. In 1905, the International Botanical Congress voted that the name 'Hosta' could be used.[11]

Between 1816-1822 he published two volumes of the 'Flora der Oesterreichischen Kaiserthumes' (Flora of the Austrian Empire), but the complete work was never finished. The illustrations were taken from his archive. The text is partially filled with poetic verse as well as botanical observations.[1][4]

In 1816, Trattinick published and described Schmidtia subtilis in 'Flora des Osterreichischen Kaiserthumes' Volume 1 Issue 12, t.451.[12] Specimens of this taxon were sent to Trattinick by Count Berchtold.[13] This was later classified as a synonym of Coleanthus subtilis.[14]

In 1819, he published 'Oesterreichischer Blumenkranz', (Flower Wreaths of Austria) which was described as “not botany in verse, but pure botanical poetry, representing the work of the important Austrian botanist; 200 plants from the white lily to the sharp stonecrop poetically imagined”.[1]

In 1821, he published 'Botanisches Taschenbuch oder Conservatorium aller Resultate Ideen und Ansichten aus dem ganzen Umfange der Gewächskunde', Vienna, (translated as Botanical Notebook or conservatory of all resulting ideas and views from the whole range of Botany).[1] It did not sell very well and only 1 volume was published.[4]

In 1823, Trattinick changed the name of a species of rose. It was originally named Rosa microphylla by Dr. William Roxburgh (1751-1815) in 1820, because René Louiche Desfontaines had previously applied the name 'microphylla' to an unrelated European species in 1798. It became Rosa Roxburghii.[7][15] Trattinick published this name change in 'Rosacearum monographia' page233 in 1823.[16] The 'Monograph of the Rose Family' covered generic and species descriptions of plants in the rose family, although it was not illustrated.[1]

Between 1823-1824, four volumes of Synodus Botanica were published with illustrations or scientific drawings by 'Franz Nobleman Portenschlag-Ledermayer'.[17]

In 1825, Trattinnick published 'Genera Nova Plantarum Iconibus Observationibusque Illustrata', which appeared in 24 fascicles. The illustrations were not coloured but were very highly regarded.[1]

Between 1825-1834, four volumes of 'Neue Arten von Pelargonien deutschen Ursprunges' were published.[1][18] They described 400 hybrids of Pelargoniums from Germany, all of which were named or renamed in Latin.[19] Before 1843 he published 2 more volumes of the same title. Which included 264 illustrations, as a full-page engraving which was hand-coloured. In his later publications, some of the plants were illustrated by single flowers and several plants were included on a page.[1]

In 1826, as the curator of botany, Trattinick wrote in his annual report “The botanical heritage of Ferdinand Bauer, who died in Hietzing in March of this year, consisting of 113 small parcels of dried plants from New Holland, the Island of Timor the Island of Norfolk, and the Cape of Good Hope, and of 1876 plates of drawings of them, sketched in pencil, which His Highest Imperial Majesty had purchased, has been handed over to me. K.K. Museum on the last of October 1926. Leopold Trattinick, Curator” (which as translated by Riedl-Dorn, in 1989) .[20]

In 1828, Trattinick, on seeing Rafflesia (a species of parasitic flowering plant), wrote that the plant should be assigned to a special taxonomic category called Vegetablische Verrucktheiten, or “Vegetable Craziness.”[21]

Among all his varied publications, Trattinnick is credited with the original Latin descriptions of around 405 plant names.[1]

Although, some of his early publications can be found under the name "Leopold Trattinick" (with a single "n"),[22][23] the 17th edition of the "Zander Hand dictionary of plant names" has the more accurate spelling "Trattinnick".[24]

A complete list of his publications can be found in 'Wurzbach's Encyclopedia' Vol. 46, in 1882.[4]

In addition to his scientific published work, he maintained an avid correspondence with foreign and domestic trade scholars and other eminent men, which include Goethe and Alexander von Humboldt.[4] He was a frequent correspondent and friend of Franz Wilibald Schmidt (1764–1796).[13] He was a member of many learned societies and societies.[4]

The Trattinick herbarium is preserved in Vienna.[13]

Honours

The plant genus Trattinnickia of the family Burseraceae, named by Carl Ludwig Willdenow was named after him. Burseraceae contains many species of trees and shrubs, which includes the sub-tribes Protieae, Bursereae, and Canarieae. Canarieae is composed of Canarium (75 species and is the largest in this tribe), Dacryodes, Haplolobus, Pseudodacryodes, Rosselia, Santiria, Scutinanthe, and Trattinnickia (with 26 species,[26])[1][27]

In Klosterneuburg, (his birth town) in Lower Austria, there is a road named after him.[28]

Selected bibliography
  • Guide to outlaw culture of cotton in Austria. Vienna 1797
  • Genera plantarum methodo naturali disposita. Vindobonae (Vienna) 1802 [29]
  • Fungi Austriaci, iconibus illustrati. Vienna 1804-1806 [30]
  • The edible sponges of the Austrian Empire. 1809, 2nd ed. 1830
  • Archives of a greenhouse customer. Vienna 1811-1818.
  • Flora of the Austrian Empire. 1816-1822.[31]
  • Thesaurus botanicus .Vienna 1805, 2nd ed. 1819 [32]
  • Rosacearum Monographia. 1823-1824. (ISBN 978-1-275-59202-5)[33][34]
  • Genera plantarum nova iconibus observationesque illustrata. Self-Verlag, 1825 (24 copper plates).
  • New types of geraniums German origin. 1825-1843.
gollark: A string is like a potato but octagonal.
gollark: Well, I guess that despite the occasional noise of `x as u64` or whatever, it's probably better that it doesn't mess up types automatically.
gollark: There's library docs too.
gollark: That's the way to learn it, I think, the official book.
gollark: I bet there's something for that on cargo.

References
  1. Handlos, (Ph.D.), Wayne L. "Leopold Trattinnick". geraniumsonline.com. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  2. "Trattinnick, Leopold (1764-1849)". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 29 September 2014.
  3. "Property of the month". specula.at. November 1999. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  4. Wunschmann, Ernst (1894). "Trattinick, Leopold". deutsche-biographie.de (General German Biography). Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  5. "The edible sponges of the Austrian imperial state". zvab.co. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  6. Stanley H. Johnston (Holden Arboretum) The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections: A descriptive Bibliography of Pre-1830 Works from the Libraries of the Holden Arboretum, the Cleveland Medical Library Association, and the Garden Centre of Greater Cleveland at Google Books
  7. Sleiter, Rossella. "The rose that conquered empires". giardinoweb.altervista.org. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  8. Riedl-Dorn, Christa (8 July 1988). "Zum Problem der Lectotypifizierung nach lebenden Pflanzen beschriebener Arten bei NIKOLAUS JOSEPH VON JACQUIN Von CHRISTA RIEDL-DORN" (PDF). Ann. Natur hist. Mus. landesmuseum.at. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  9. T. G. Tutin, N. A. Burges, D. H. Valentine, S. M. Walters and D. A. Webb (Editors)Flora Europaea: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae, p. 411, at Google Books
  10. "history". hostamill.be. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  11. Diana Wells 100 Flowers and How They Got Their Names, p. 96, at Google Books
  12. "Poaceae Schmidtia subtilis Tratt". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  13. Kirschner, Jan; Kirschnerová, Lída; Štěpánek, Jan (2007). "Preslia 79: 323–365, Generally accepted plant names based on material from the Czech Republic and published in 1753–1820" (PDF). preslia.cz. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  14. "Coleanthus subtilis (Tratt.) Seidel ex Roem. & Schult. is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  15. "The Chestnut Rose". southernedition.com. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  16. "Rosa microphylla". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  17. K. G. Saur Verlag GmbH & Company, Walter De Gruyter Incorporated Plett – Schmidseder, p. 43, at Google Books
  18. Kasia Bodd Geranium , p. 71, at Google Books
  19. Anne Wilkinson The Passion for Pelargoniums: How They Found Their Place in the Garden, p. 87, at Google Books
  20. "Botanica, Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei s. 9, v. 11:201-244" (PDF). lincei.it. 2000. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 December 2007. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  21. Ross, Edward S. (2003). "Rafflesia: The Super Flower". researcharchive.calacademy.org. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  22. "leopold trattinick". chapters.indigo.ca. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  23. "Leopold Trattinick". wikigallery.org. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  24. Erhardt, Walter; Goetz, Erich; Bödeker, Nils; Seybold, Siegmund (2002). Zander Dictionary of Plant Names. 17th edition (Revised ed.). Stuttgart: Ulmer Verlag. ISBN 3-8001-3573-6.
  25. IPNI.   Tratt.
  26. "26 plant name records match your search criteria Trattinnickia. The results are below". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  27. Abraham Rees The Cyclopædia: Or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature, Volume 36, p. 148, at Google Books
  28. "Road name: Leopold Trattinnick-alley, Klosterneuburg". klosterneuburg.stadtplanoesterreich.at. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  29. Genera Plantarum Methodo Naturali Disposita at Google Books
  30. Leopold Trattinnick at Google Books
  31. Flora des österreichischen Kaiserthumes at Google Books
  32. Thesaurus botanicus at Google Books
  33. Leopold Trattinnick at Google Books
  34. "Rosacearum Monographia". chapters.indigo.ca. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
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