Leonid Artamonov

Leonid Konstantinovich Artamonov (Russian: Леони́д Константи́нович Артамо́нов; 25 February 1859 – 1 January 1932) was a Russian military engineer, adviser and general, geographer and traveler, explorer of Africa, writer, veteran of the First World War and the Russo-Japanese War.

Leonid Konstantinovich Artamonov
General Leonid Artamonov, 1900.
Born(1859-02-25)25 February 1859
Kherson Governorate, Russian Empire
Died1 January 1932(1932-01-01) (aged 72)
Leningrad, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Allegiance Ethiopian Empire
 Russian Empire
 Soviet Union
Service/branch Ethiopian Army
Imperial Russian Army
Red Army
RankGeneral
Battles/warsRusso-Japanese War
World War I
  • Battle of Tannenberg

Biography

Leonid Artamonov, was born in Kherson Governorate on February 25, 1859.[1][2] He studied in the Michailovsky Cadet School, then Artamonov after his graduation from the Military Engineering-Technical University in 1883, he also graduated from the General Staff Academy.[2]

In 1897, he was a member of the Russian diplomatic mission to Ethiopia, where he became a military adviser of Negus Menelek II of Ethiopia.[2] During 1897–1898, he became a military aide of Menelik II in his boundary confrontation against the British colonialists. Artamonov was one of a contingent of Russian officer volunteers attached to the forces of Ras Tessema. He joined the expedition of the Ethiopian army to the White Nile and provided help to overcome serious difficulties. The British, after colonizing the Sudan, Kenya and Uganda, exerted new pressure on Ethiopia, which lessened only after the beginning of the 1899–1902 Second Boer War.

He was viewed as one of the best Russian military experts of Russia, a competent analyst with combat experience and a strong military and engineering education. But his performance at Tannenberg did not live up to this reputation.[3]

After Artamonov returned to Russia, he became a member of the Russian Geographical Society. He wrote a book Through Ethiopia to the White Nile about his experiences in Ethiopia. He described in detail the democratic experiments of Menelik II in the traditional patriarchal public dialog of the Ethiopian monarchy with its own people, similar to the later speeches of U. S. president Franklin Delano Roosevelt.

In 1899, for his feats and courage he was awarded the Order of the Star of Ethiopia.

He was the leader of group of military analysts and editor of their collected analyses on the Anglo-Boer War, 1899-1902.[4]

He was the commander of the fortresses of Vladivostok (1906) and Kronstadt (1907).

From 1911 until 1914, he was the commander of the First Russian Army Corps. At the Battle of Tannenberg (1914), his corps was to protect the left wing of the 2nd Russian Army. He withdrew his forces without informing his commander Samsonov which contributed to the Russian defeat. For this error, he was relieved of command on August 28.

After 1917, he continued his scientific, engineering and military activity for the Soviet government. In 1927, he was the expert of the Moscow city government. The state gave him an honorable pension. He preferred to live in Saint Petersburg, there he died in 1932.

Leonid Artamonov after he returned from Africa

Writings
  • Kantselson I. S. Preface // Artamonov L. K. Through Ethiopia to the White Nile. Moskow. 1979.

Awards
  • Order of the Ethiopian Star
  • Order of St. Vladimir
  • Orders of St. Anna all degrees
  • Order of St. Alexander Neva
  • Order of White Eagle
  • Order of St. Stanislas
  • Personal gold weapon about bravery
gollark: Not sure if that corresponds to the URL, which is what you often want, but oh well.
gollark: Hmm, so looking at this you could probably binary-search the titles, at least.
gollark: They seem hard to construct incrementally, not ideal for random access, and FTS is hacked in by having the index stored as "articles" with a weird type code.
gollark: I still don't think they're that great for some of the intended uses.
gollark: I mean, the zim format works okay, but if I was doing it I would save time and just make it a layer over SQLite.

See also
Russian people in Ethiopia

Notes
  1. Russian Army - Leonid Artamonov
  2. "ЛЕОНИД КОНСТАНТИНОВИЧ АРТАМОНОВ И ЕГО ПУТЕШЕСТВИЕ К БЕЛОМУ НИЛУ" [Leonid Artamonov and his trip to the White Nile]. Vostlit.info. Retrieved January 10, 2012.
  3. Prit Buttar, 2014. Collision of Empires, the War on the Eastern Front in 1914. Osprey Publishing.
  4. Seeking the secrets of war. Russian military observers at the South African War(1899-1902)

References
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