Las Trampas, New Mexico

Las Trampas or just Trampas (Spanish: "traps"), is a small unincorporated town in Taos County, northern New Mexico, the Southwestern United States. Founded in 1751, its center retains the original early Spanish colonial defensive layout from that time, as well as the 18th-century San José de Gracia Church, one of the finest surviving examples of Spanish Colonial church architecture in the United States. The village center was designated a National Historic Landmark District (the Las Trampas Historic District) in 1967.[2]

Las Trampas Historic District
View of the Las Trampas Historic District.
LocationOn State Road 76, Las Trampas, New Mexico
Coordinates36°7′57″N 105°45′48″W
Area1,000 acres (400 ha)
Built1850 (1850)
Architectural styleColonial, Spanish Colonial
NRHP reference No.67000007[1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPMay 28, 1967
Designated NHLDMay 28, 1967[2]

Geography

Las Trampas is located on the scenic High Road to Taos (New Mexico State Road 76) in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. it is approximately halfway between Santa Fe to the south and Taos to the north. The town has an elevation of 2,147 metres (7,044 ft).

The town has a post office, with the ZIP code 87576; the US Postal Service prefers the name "Trampas".[3] No ZIP Code Tabulation Area information for 87576 is available from Census 2000.

View of Trampas and the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, 1943.

History

After several failed attempts, Santo Tomas Apostol del Rio de Las Trampas was founded in 1751 by 12 families from Santa Fe. It was the second genízaro settlement (after Belen) and the primary purpose of its establishment was to protect the town of Santa Cruz, 27 kilometres (17 mi) southwest, from raids by the Ute, Comanche, and Apache Indians. The genízaros were also Indians, but detribalized and with a history of serving as slaves and servants of the Spanish colonists. They were important in the frontier defense of New Mexico. For the genízaros, relocation to Trampas and other frontier settlements was a means of acquiring land. Also among the early settlers were Tlaxcalans, Mexican Indians who had a long history of assisting the Spanish, and mestizos.[4]

The small community consisted of little more than the central plaza, ringed by houses, which were surrounded by a low adobe wall. The village grew despite attacks from Native Americans, and by 1776 there were 63 families and 278 inhabitants recorded. The people in that year were described as "a ragged lot...as festive as they [were] poor, and very merry." They spoke "local Spanish" mingled with the Tanoan language of the Taos Pueblo and most spoke some words of the Comanche, Ute, and Apache languages.[5] The village remained largely isolated, except for travelers on the mountain road, until the 1920s.[6]

The town is well known for the San José de Gracia Church, built between 1760 and 1776 and considered a model of the adobe colonial Spanish missions in New Mexico.

Historic district

The Las Trampas Historic Historic District, designated in 1967, encompasses the central village, whose buildings largely follow the plan originally laid out in 1751. Most of the buildings themselves date to the 19th century, often with late 19th-century alterations. The church, itself a National Historic Landmark for its architecture, is the only surviving 18th-century building. The original defensive wall that surrounded the village has been removed, and no significant traces of it remain.[2][6]

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See also

References
  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  2. "National Historic Landmarks Survey, New Mexico" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
  3. 87576 data
  4. Gonzales, Moises (Winter 2014), "The Genizaro Land Grant Settlements of New Mexico," Journal of the Southwest, Vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 584, 588. Downloaded from JSTOR.
  5. Brooks, James F. (2002),Captives & Cousins: Slavery, Kinship, and Community in the Southwest Borderlands, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, pp 156-157
  6. Charles W. Snell (May 1, 1968). "National Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings: Las Trampas Plaza Historic District" (pdf). National Park Service. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
    Accompanying 19 photos of place and people, one dated 1980 others undated (32 KB)
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