Lake Billy Chinook

Lake Billy Chinook is a reservoir in Jefferson County in the U.S. state of Oregon. Created by the Round Butte Dam in 1964, Lake Billy Chinook lies in a canyon at the confluence of the Crooked, Deschutes, and Metolius rivers near Culver and Madras. It was named for Billy Chinook, a Native American of the Wasco tribe who traveled alongside American explorers John C. Frémont and Kit Carson in their expeditions of 1843 and 1844.[4]

Lake Billy Chinook
Lake Billy Chinook
LocationJefferson County, Oregon
Coordinates44.58912°N 121.36496°W / 44.58912; -121.36496
TypeReservoir
Primary inflowsCrooked, Deschutes, and Metolius rivers
Primary outflowsDeschutes River
Catchment area7,514 square miles (19,500 km2)[1]
Basin countriesUnited States
Max. length28 mi (45 km) [2]
Surface area4,000 acres (1,600 ha) [3]
Average depth102 ft (31 m) [2]
Max. depth415 ft (126 m)
Shore length172 mi (116 km) [2]
Surface elevation1,945 ft (593 m) [2]
IslandsChinook Island
SettlementsCulver
1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure.

Geology

The canyon in which Lake Billy Chinook lies was carved by the three rivers that flow into the lake. The Deschutes Formation into which it is carved began forming about 11 million years ago, as alternating layers of basaltic lava, stream sediment, and volcanic debris flowed into the area from the Cascade Range.[4] One to three million years ago, lava flows from the Cascades and Newberry Volcano capped the exposed material, forming the "rimrock basalt" which is visible atop the canyon. Further erosion by the three rivers, volcanic activity, and wind have continued to form and erode the canyon.[5]

Description
Rabbitbrush on the plateau above Lake Billy Chinook
Looking north at the Island

The Deschutes and Crooked River branches of the lake are within the boundaries of The Cove Palisades State Park. The south shores of the Metolius River are public lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management and the United States Forest Service, while the north shores are part of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation.[5] Along with the Island peninsula, there is one island in the lake named Chinook Island.

Lake Billy Chinook is a very popular recreational lake in Central Oregon for water skiing, sailing, jet skiing and boating. There are four boat launches around the lake, as well a marina and café on the east shore named the Cove Palisades Resort, which also offers rentals of houseboats and various other watercraft.[6]

Southwest of the lake is Lake Billy Chinook Airport, a small, privately owned, public use airport.

Fishing

Lake Billy Chinook offers fishing for brown trout,and [smallmouth bass][rainbow trout]and Kokanee, a land-locked salmon.[7] The lake is also one of the few bodies of water in the United States where bull trout, a threatened species that thrives in Lake Billy Chinook, can be legally fished.[8]

As of 2014, the Metolius arm of the lake is closed to fishing, without a tribal permit.[7]

Cove Palisades State Park

The majority of Lake Billy Chinook is surrounded by The Cove Palisades State Park. The state park offers both camping and lodging and is open all year for day use. The Cove Palisades consists of two campgrounds: Crooked River Campground (open all year) and the Deschutes Campground which is open from mid-May to mid-September.[9] The Crooked River Campground is located higher up in the canyon where as the Deschutes Campground is walking distance from the water.

The Island

Between the Deschutes and Crooked River branches of the lake, there is a large and isolated 208-acre (84 ha), 1.75-mile (2.82 km) peninsular plateau named the Island. The Island is surrounded on three sides by vertical cliffs at heights of 200 feet (61 m) to 700 feet (210 m) above the water. The Island was designated a Research Natural Area by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in 1986. In 1997, the BLM closed the Island to the public, although educational institutions and conservation groups are permitted to visit between May and mid-February.[10]

Owing to the steep cliffs that surround it, the Island has never been grazed by livestock, except for one season of grazing by sheep in 1921. As a result, it contains one of the United States' last remaining undisturbed communities of two native vegetation types: western juniper-big sagebrush-bluebunch wheatgrass and western juniper-big sagebrush-bitterbrush. It also is an unusual home to the striped whiptail lizard, a species of southwestern U.S. deserts that settled the Island by escaping from a recreational vehicle.[10]

The Island has not faced a sizable fire in the last century. The lack of a major fire has supported the strong presence of woody vegetation on the Island. The BLM plans to let any fire naturally burn as part of their research, contingent on weather conditions and personnel that can prevent it from affecting the Cove Palisades State Park facilities below the Island.[10]

In 2011, U.S. Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar designated the Island a National Natural Landmark.[11][12] It is one of eleven National Natural Landmarks in Oregon.[13]

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See also
  • List of lakes in Oregon

References
  1. "Round Butte Dam". NPDP Dam Directory. Stanford University. Archived from the original on March 12, 2012.
  2. "Lake Billy Chinook Houseboats". www.lakebillychinook.com.
  3. "Lake Billy Chinook". 28 June 2012.
  4. "History of Lake Billy Chinook". Cove Palisades Resort and Marina. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  5. "Lake Billy Chinook" (PDF). Oregon Parks and Recreation Department. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  6. McOmie, Grant (June 28, 2012). "Lake Billy Chinook". Travel Oregon. Oregon Tourism Commission. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  7. "ODFW Recreation Report: Central Zone Fishing". Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
  8. Morical, Mark (April 27, 2013). "Oregonfishing". The Seattle Times. The Seattle Times Company. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  9. "The Cove Palisades State Park - Oregon State Parks and Recreation". oregonstateparks.org.
  10. Halvorson, Ron (2004). "The Island" (PDF). Kalmiopsis. Native Plant Society of Oregon. pp. 23–29. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  11. "Pictures: Six New Natural Landmarks Named". National Geographic. June 28, 2011. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  12. "National Natural Landmarks - National Natural Landmarks (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2019-03-27. Year designated: 2011
  13. "National Natural Landmarks - National Natural Landmarks (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2019-03-27. There are 11 National Natural Landmark sites located within the state of Oregon.
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