La vestale (Spontini)

La vestale (The Vestal Virgin) is an opera composed by Gaspare Spontini to a French libretto by Étienne de Jouy. It takes the form of a tragédie lyrique in three acts. It was first performed on 15 December 1807 by the Académie Impériale de Musique (Paris Opera) at the Salle Montansier and is regarded as Spontini's masterpiece.[1] The musical style shows the influence of Gluck and anticipates the works of Berlioz, Wagner, and French Grand Opera.[2]

This article is about the opera by Spontini. For the 1840 opera by Mercadante, see La vestale (Mercadante).
La vestale
Tragédie lyrique by Gaspare Spontini
Caroline Branchu in the title role of Julia, on a poster for the premiere
LibrettistÉtienne de Jouy
LanguageFrench
Premiere
15 December 1807 (1807-12-15)
Salle Montansier, Paris

Composition history

Spontini had finished La vestale by the summer of 1805 but had faced opposition from leading members of the Opéra and rivalry from fellow composers.[3] The premiere was made possible with the help of Spontini's patron, the Empress Josephine, but only after being rearranged by Jean-Baptiste Rey and Louis-Luc Loiseau de Persuis.[4] La vestale was an enormous success, enjoying over two hundred performances by 1830.[5]

Performance history

Its fame soon spread abroad; it first appeared on the Italian stage in Naples in 1811, and it was performed in Stockholm in 1823. It was premiered in the United States in French at Théâtre d'Orléans in New Orleans on 17 February 1828.[6] Wagner conducted the work in Dresden in 1844 with Wilhelmine Schröder-Devrient.[7]

Important 20th-century revivals include those for Rosa Ponselle at the Met in 1925-26 and the Maggio Musicale Fiorentino in 1933, for Maria Caniglia in Rome, 1942,[7] and the 1954 production at La Scala with Maria Callas in the title role, which was the first opera staging by the famous film director Luchino Visconti.[8] There followed other revivals for leading sopranos; Leyla Gencer in Palermo, 1969 and Rome, 1973; Renata Scotto in Florence, 1970; Montserrat Caballé in Barcelona in 1982; and Raina Kabaivanska in Genoa in 1984. Muti reproduced the original version at La Scala in 1993, and English National Opera mounted the opera in London in 2002.[7]

A very memorable performance, on a slippery stage, on the last night of the Wexford Opera Festival in 1979 is described by Bernard Levin.[9]

La vestale is famous in historical terms but is only very infrequently performed. Two of its arias (translated to Italian and recorded by Maria Callas and Rosa Ponselle), "Tu che invoco" and "O Nume tutelar", are better known than the work as a whole. In recognition of its role in the development of Richard Wagner's third opera, Rienzi, it was performed in concert form in Dresden's Semperoper in the Summer of 2013, conducted by Gabriele Ferro and starring Francisco Araiza as Cinna, Maria Agresta as Julia, and baritone Christopher Magiera as Licinius.

Roles
Role Voice type[10] Premiere cast[11]
15 December 1807
(Conductor: Jean-Baptiste Rey)
Licinius, Roman general tenor Étienne Lainez
Cinna, head of a legion tenor François Lays or Lay
Chief Priest bass Henri-Étienne Dérivis
Julia, young vestal soprano Alexandrine-Caroline Branchu
The Great Vestal mezzo-soprano Marie-Thérèse Maillard
Chief of the Aruspices bass Duparc
A consul bass Martin

Synopsis
Place: Rome
About 269 BC

Act 1

Returning to Rome after a victorious campaign, Licinius finds his beloved Julia has become a priestess of Vesta. Although Julia attempts to avoid going to Licinius's triumph, she is delegated to present him with a wreath. He tells her that he intends to kidnap and reclaim her.

Act 2

In the temple of Vesta, Julia guards the eternal flame and prays to be freed of temptation. Licinius arrives; during their rapturous reconciliation, the flame expires. Licinius is advised by Cinna to flee. Julia is interrogated by the High Priest but refuses to name Licinius. She is sentenced to death for licentiousness.

Act 3

Despite the pleas of Licinius, Julia is to be buried alive; even when he admits his intrusion to the Temple, Julia claims not to recognise him. A thunderstorm ensues, during which lightning reignites the sacred flame. Recognising this as a sign from the Gods, the High Priest and Vestal Priestess release Julia who is then married to Licinius.

Recordings
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See also
  • Witi Ihimaera's poem "O numi tutelar", the title of which pays homage to the aria ‘O nume tutelar’.

References

Notes

  1. Holden, p. 1002
  2. Holden, pp. 1003–4; Wagner conducted La vestale in Dresden in 1844 (source:Del Teatro).
  3. Del Teatro
  4. Castil-Blaze 1855, p. 115
  5. Barbier p.72
  6. Warrack & West 1992, p. 741.
  7. Kaminski, Piotr 2003, Spontini: La Vestale, p. 1434
  8. cf review: Ira Siff, "Spontini: La Vestale"; Opera News, Vol. 77, No 2, August 2012.
  9. Levin, 1981, pp. 208-213
  10. According to Anselm, p. 978.
  11. According to the original score, p. 1.
  12. Source of some of the recordings in this list: operadis-opera-discography.org.uk
  13. https://www.operanews.com/Opera_News_Magazine/2012/8/Recordings/SPONTINI__La_Vestale.html

Sources

  • Original score: La Vestale, tragédie lyrique en 3 actes de M. Jouy, mise en musique par Gaspard Spontini, Paris, Pacini, s.d. (accessible for free online at Gallica – BNF)
  • Barbier, Patrick (1995), Opera in Paris 1800–1850 Amadeus Press.
  • Castil-Blaze (1855), L'Academie imperiale de musique, Vol. II, Paris:
  • DelTeatro.it: background, synopsis for La vestale (in Italian)
  • Kaminski, Piotr (2003), Mille et Un Opéras, Les indispensables de la musique (in French), Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978 2 2136 0017 8
  • Faul, Michel (2009), Les aventures militaires, littéraires et autres de Étienne de Jouy de l'Académie française, Éditions Seguier. ISBN 978-2-84049-556-7
  • Levin, Bernard, Conducted Tour, London: Jonathan Cape, 1981, ch. 12, pp. 208-213.ISBN 0 224 01896 5; 1983, ISBN 0-340-32359-0
  • Anselm Gerhard, Vestale, La, in Sadie, Stanley (ed.) (1997). The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, Grove (Oxford University Press), New York, 1997, IV, p. 977–979. ISBN 978-0-19-522186-2
  • Holden, Amanda (ed.) (2001), The New Penguin Opera Guide, New York: Penguin Putnam. ISBN 0-14-029312-4
  • Warrack, John; West, Ewan (1992). The Oxford Dictionary of Opera. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-869164-5.
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