La engañadora

"La engañadora" (translated in the US as "Anything Can Happen When You're in Havana",[1] "The Gay Deceiver"[2] or simply "The Deceiver"[3]) is a song written by violinist Enrique Jorrín and first recorded by Orquesta América in March 1953. Shortly after its release it became Panart's biggest-selling single. It is widely considered the first cha-cha-cha and one of the most influential Cuban songs.[4]

"La engañadora"
Single by Orquesta América de Ninón Mondéjar
B-side	"Silver Star"
Released	1953
Recorded	March 1953
Genre	Cha-cha-cha
Label	Panart
Songwriter(s)	Enrique Jorrín
Orquesta América de Ninón Mondéjar singles chronology
"La engañadora" (1953) "El alardoso" (1953)

Background and composition

Born in 1926 in Pinar del Río, Enrique Jorrín took up the violin at age 12. He later attended the Municipal Conservatory of Havana and by 1943 he was a member of Arcaño y sus Maravillas, Cuba's most important charanga.[5] The band, directed by Antonio Arcaño and featuring brothers Israel López "Cachao" and Orestes López, who wrote most of the group's repertoire, was the main exponent of the danzón, a popular style of ballroom music. At the time, the López brothers were experimenting with the last section of the danzón, in which they incorporated a montuno, giving rise to the so-called danzón nuevo ritmo, the origin of the mambo. During his time with Arcaño, Jorrín grew as a danzón composer, and by the time he left the band to join Orquesta América, in the late 1940s, he was a well-respected musician.

Jorrín realized that mambo was very difficult to dance compared to other ballroom styles due to its high syncopation. Thus, he decided to alter its melody to make it more danceable and accessible.[6] Jorrín applied this principles to "La engañadora", a song he composed in Havana sometime in 1951, the year it was first performed before an audience.[5][7]

Success

Between 1953 and 1954 it is estimated that Panart sold 13,000 copies of the single, something completely unprecedented for Cuba's first independent record label.[8] On June 30, 1953 a cover was recorded by singer Miguelito Valdés backed by pianist René Hernández's conjunto, and billed by Seeco as a ritmo de cha cha chá.[9][10] The name "cha-cha-chá" actually came from the refrain of its original B-side, "Silver Star", which also became a hit.[3] In the original Panart issue, "La engañadora" is billed as a "mambo-rumba" and "Silver Star" as a danzón. Miguelito Valdés' cover was followed by many other versions recorded in Cuba, Mexico and the US, by artists such as René Touzet, Tito Rodríguez and Pérez Prado, establishing the song as a Cuban standard.

Aftermath

After the success of "La engañadora", the popularity of Orquesta América grew as Jorrín kept writing one hit after another: "El alardoso", "Nada para ti", "El túnel"... Cha-cha-cha had eclipsed both mambo and danzón as the most popular dance style in Cuba. Jorrín claimed to be responsible for the success of Orquesta América and was uncomfortable with the band's credits, which always stated "Orquesta América de Ninón Mondéjar". He was named the orchestra's music director in 1954, but Mondéjar still insisted on receiving credit for the success of cha-cha-cha.[5] This led to the departure of Jorrín in August 1954, forming his own band in Mexico City. In November, Mondéjar also moved along with Orquesta América to Mexico City. At this point, the only hit-making charanga in Cuba was Orquesta Aragón, which had briefly collaborated with Jorrín before his departure from Orquesta América. However, in December 1955, some members of Orquesta América returned to Havana and in January 1955 founded Orquesta América del 55.[11]

Personnel

The following musicians recorded the song during the March 1953 recording session at Panart Studios, Havana:[12][13]

• Ninón Mondéjar: musical director, vocals
• Enrique Jorrín: first violin
• Antonio Sánchez Reyes "Musiquita": second violin
• Juanito Ramos: flute
• Álex Sosa: piano
• Manuel Montejo "Camagüey": double bass
• Julio Salas: tumbadora
• Augusto Barcía: timbales
• Gustavo Tamayo: güiro

References

1. Catalog of Copyright Entries: Third series. Library of Congress Copyright Office. 1954. p. 131.
2. "Reviews of New Pop Records: Latin American". Billboard. December 16, 1957. p. 58.
3. Sublette, Ned (2007). "The Kingsmen and the Cha-cha-chá". In Weisbard, Eric (ed.). Listen Again: A Momentary History of Pop Music. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. p. 70.
4. Shepherd, John; Horn, David, eds. (2014). "Cha cha cha". Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World, Volume 9: Genres (Caribbean and Latin America). London, UK: Bloomsbury. p. 161.
5. Quesada, Luis de (May 13, 2002). "Enrique Jorrín: creator of the cha cha chá". Retrieved 9 September 2014.
6. Sánchez-Coll, Israel (November 2010). "Semblanza de Enrique Jorrín". Herencia Latina (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 September 2014.
7. Orovio, Helio (2004). Cuban Music from A to Z. Bath, UK: Tumi. p. 50.
8. Schlicke, Cornelius (2003). Tonträgerindustrie und Vermittlung von Livemusik in Kuba (in German). Berlin: LIT Verlag. p. 228. ISBN 9783825802400.
9. Díaz Ayala, Cristóbal. "Miguelito Valdés", Discography of Cuban Music, Volume 2 - 1925-1960, updated fall 2013.
10. "La engañadora / Plazos traicioneros", Rate Your Music.
11. Quesada, Luis de (August 21, 2002). "Orquesta América de Ninón Mondéjar". Retrieved 9 September 2014.
12. "La engañadora / Silver Star", Rate Your Music.
13. Díaz Ayala, Cristóbal. "Orquesta América", Discography of Cuban Music, Volume 2 - 1925-1960, updated fall 2013.