LED tattoo

A light-emitting diode tattoo is a type of body modification similar to a tattoo, but specifically involves implantation of technologically based materials versus traditional ink injection into the layers of the skin.[1] LED tattoos are accomplished by a combination of silicon-silk technology and a miniature lighting device known as a light-emitting diode. While there is potential for many applications in the medical, commercial and personal domains, the technology is still in the development stage. Once the ability is attained to condense the parts of a LED to a small enough level, it will be possible for the tattoos to be implanted in humans.

Technological limitations

Current medical devices are limited by their isolation from the body and their placement on rigid silicon.[2] Current devices also contain gold and titanium which are required for electrical connections. Both gold and titanium are bio-compatible which means that they will not be rejected by the body as a foreign substance. However, biocompatibility is not as preferable as biodegradable is due to the fact that the latter does not leave behind any unnecessary materials; so researchers are working on biodegradable contacts to eliminate all remnants but the silicon. The current form of the LED tattoo has been implanted on mice without harm.[3] LED tattoos of today are limited to monochromatic display. Current research on silicon-silk technology is being conducted at the University of Pennsylvania's Engineering Department. Additionally, the Royal Philips Electronics of the Netherlands has shown commercial interest in the research of silicon silk technology, speficifically LED tattoos as a means to extend the digital experience, or interactivity with the digital product.[4]

Development

Future LED tattoos may use silicon chips that are around the length of a small grain of rice which has the dimensions of about 1 millimeters and just 250 nanometers thick.[5] The chips are placed on thin films of silk, which cause the electronics to conform to biological tissue. This process is aided when saline solution is added, helping the silicon mold to the shape of the skin. Silk dissolves away over time, which can occur immediately after the operation or over the course of several years,[6] leaving the thin silicon circuits in place. While silicon has not been proven to be biocompatible all studies show it to be safe[7] and it has been used in many other medical implant operations including implantation of silicon chips in mice. The circuits do not cause irritation because they are nanometers thick. LED tattoos would not interfere with normal physiological processes.[8]

Medical application

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have approved LED technology but LED tattoos are undergoing continual development. One such medical application would be silk-silicon LEDs to create photonic tattoos which would assist in blood-sugar readings.[9] Perfected for clinical use and mass production, these devices could see patients sent home from the GP or from surgery with a monitoring system that does the job of several heavy-duty machines—like electromyographs, an EEG or electrocardiogram—normally confined to hospitals.

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See also

References
  1. Murad, A. (2009, Dec 19). Microtrends. The Times. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/320328597
  2. Quick, Darren. "Implantable Silicon-Silk electronics could mean LED tattoos." Gizmag 11 Nov 2009. Web
  3. Zuras, Matthew "Philip's Interactive LED Tattoos Could Be the Future of Body Art" switched.com Nov. 21 2009
  4. "Tattoo You" h+ Magazine 17 Nov 2009
  5. Sorrel, Charlie. "The Illustrated Man: How LED Tattoos Could Make Your Skin a Screen." Wired 20 Nov 2009
  6. Fiorenzo, Omenetto. "Silk, the ancient material of the future." TED Talks, (2011)
  7. Bourzac, Katherine. "Implantable Silicon-Silk Electronics." Technology Review (2009)
  8. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-08-15. Retrieved 2014-08-13.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Yazdi, Tina. "LED Tattoos: Human skin as lighted signs."
  9. Tuan, Mai. "Get Ready for Health Monitoring LED implants". Retrieved 13 August 2014.
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