L-11 76.2 mm tank gun

7.62 cm FK 250(r)
7.62 cm FK 250(r)
Type	Field gun
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
Used by	Soviet Union; Nazi Germany
Wars	World War II
Production history
Designer	Kirov Plant
Produced	1941-1942
Specifications
Mass	1,325 kg (2,921 lb)
Barrel length	3.2 m (10 ft 6 in) L/30.5[1]
Shell	Fixed QF 76.2 × 385 mm. R
Shell weight	6.5 kg (14 lb 5 oz)
Caliber	76.2 mm (3.00 in)[1]
Breech	Semi-automatic vertical sliding-wedge
Recoil	Hydro-pneumatic
Carriage	Split-trail
Elevation	-5° to +37°
Traverse	55°[1]
Rate of fire	6-7 rpm
Muzzle velocity	613 m/s (2,010 ft/s)
Maximum firing range	5.6 km (3.5 mi)[1]

L-11 76.2 mm tank gun
L-11 76.2 mm tank gun
	T-34 Model 1940 with L-11 gun
Type	Tank gun
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
Used by	Soviet Union; Nazi Germany
Wars	World War II
Production history
Designer	IA Makhanov
Designed	1938
Manufacturer	Kirov Plant
Produced	1939-1941
Variants	L-17
Specifications
Barrel length	3.2 m (10 ft 6 in) L/30.5[1]
Shell	Fixed QF 76.2 × 385 mm. R
Shell weight	6.5 kg (14 lb 5 oz)
Caliber	76.2 mm (3.00 in)[1]
Breech	Semi-automatic vertical sliding-wedge
Recoil	Hydro-pneumatic
Elevation	2° to 25°
Traverse	360°[2]
Rate of fire	6-7 rpm
Muzzle velocity	613 m/s (2,010 ft/s)
Maximum firing range	5.6 km (3.5 mi)[2]

The L-11 76.2 mm tank gun was a Soviet tank gun, used on the earliest models of the T-34 Model 1940 medium tank and KV-1 Model 1939 heavy tank during World War II.

History

The L-11 was designed in 1938 by IA Makhanov of the SKB-4 design bureau at the Kirov Plant in Leningrad. It was 30.5 calibers long,[3] had a semi-automatic vertical sliding-wedge breech, used fixed quick-fire 76.2 x 385 mm R ammunition and had a hydro-pneumatic recoil mechanism.

It has been claimed that the L-11 was based on the 76 mm air-defense gun M1914/15 designed by VV Tarnovsky and F. F. Lender.[4] What can be said is that both the M1914/15 and L-11 had similar lengths, similar muzzle velocities (592 m/s vs 613 m/s), were built in the same factory and fired the same ammunition.

Through a combination of administrative interference by Marshal Grigory Kulik and bureaucratic inertia, the first models of the T-34 and KV-1 were both armed with the L-11. Testing of both tanks highlighted an undesirable situation where both a medium tank and heavy tank were equal in firepower and neither had the firepower necessary to defeat a foreign tank of similar capabilities. Although an acceptable tank gun by the standards of the time the L-11 did not have a substantial performance advantage over foreign designs. Therefore, the L-11 was a stopgap until improved guns for the T-34 and KV-1 could be produced. An early favorite to replace the L-11 was a modified version of the 76 mm air defense gun M1931, but delays and difficulties saw it passed over despite excellent performance.[4]

During 1941 the L-11 was replaced on T-34 production lines by the 42.5 caliber F-34 and on KV-1 production lines by the 31.5 caliber F-32. Despite being considered a superior design the performance of the F-32 gun was not substantially better than the L-11 and inferior to the F-34 gun used on the T-34. Eventually, the F-32 gun was replaced on the KV-1 production lines by a modified version of the F-34 gun called the ZiS-5, finally giving the T-34 and KV-1 parity in firepower.[4]

Variants

L-17 casemate gun

During the 1930s the Red Army proposed creation of a new 76 mm casemate gun capable of withstanding a direct hit from a 76 mm armor-piercing projectile fired from a distance of 400 m (1,300 ft) or the explosion of a 203 mm (8.0 in) high-explosive projectile at a distance of 1 m (3 ft 3 in) from the pillbox.

The design bureau of the Kirov Plant under the leadership of IA Makhanov responded by creating a variant of the L-11 which it called the L-17. The L-17 was mounted in a heavily armored gun mantlet with the barrel inside of an armored tube. In May 1939, the Kirov plant received an order for six-hundred L-17 guns. During testing between September 29 and October 8, 1939 the L-17 was able to successfully withstand the impact of a 76 mm armor piercing projectile fired from a M1902/30 field gun at a velocity of 529–547 m (1,736–1,795 ft) at a distance of 50 m (160 ft). The first L-17's were installed in June 1940 in the Kamenets-Podilsky fortified area.[5]

Field gun conversion

During 1941-1942 a field gun based on the L-11 was introduced. It consisted of an L-11 barrel on the split-trail carriage used by the ZiS-3. This adaptation was probably done to address the huge losses of artillery suffered during the summer of 1941 and to use surplus L-11 barrels. The Soviet designation for this gun is not known, but the Germans referred to them as the 7.62 cm FK 250(r).[1]

Comparison of guns

**Comparison of Soviet 76.2mm guns and ammunition**
Gun	L-11	F-32	F-34
Length (calibres)	L/30.5	L/31.5	L/42.5
F-534 high explosive (HE)
weight (kg)	6.23	6.23	6.23
muzzle velocity (m/s)	610	613	680
OF-350 high explosive fragmentation (HE-Frag)
weight (kg)	6.21	6.21	6.21
muzzle velocity (m/s)	610	638	680
BR-353A high explosive anti-tank (HEAT)
weight (kg)	3.9	3.9	3.9
muzzle velocity (m/s)	?	?	325
penetration (mm)	75	75	75
Armour-piercing (AP)
weight (kg)	6.51	6.51	6.3
muzzle velocity (m/s)	612	613	680
penetration at 500 m (mm)	?	60	?
penetration at 1,000 m (mm)	50	50	60
BR-350/BR-350A armour-piercing high explosive (APHE)
weight (kg)	6.3	6.3	6.3
muzzle velocity (m/s)	612	613	655
penetration at 500 m (mm)	62	?	69
penetration at 1,000 m (mm)	56	?	61
BR-350P armour-piercing, composite rigid (APCR)
weight (kg)	?	?	3.0
muzzle velocity (m/s)	?	?	965
penetration at 500 m (mm)	?	?	92
penetration at 1,000 m (mm)	?	?	60

[2][6]

Notes

Chamberlain, Peter (1975). Light and medium field artillery. Gander, Terry. New York: Arco. p. 62. ISBN 0668038209. OCLC 2067331.
amvas. "Guns and Ammo of Soviet Tanks". www.armchairgeneral.com. Retrieved 2017-09-17.
Zaloga, Steve (1994). T-34/76 Medium Tank 1941-45. Osprey Publishing. p. 41. ISBN 978-1-85532-382-7.
"Tank Archives: "Minor Modernization": T-150". Tank Archives. 2016-02-05. Retrieved 2017-09-17.
"Дело о казематной пушке / Гений советской артиллерии. Триумф и трагедия В.Грабина". www.plam.ru. Retrieved 2017-09-17.
Zaloga, Steve (1984). Soviet tanks and combat vehicles of World War Two. Grandsen, James. London: Arms and Armour Press. p. 225. ISBN 0853686068. OCLC 12810882.

gollark: However, gladiators who had nice stuff going on *were not the majority*.

gollark: Why should I have to CONSUME FOOD to CONTINUE EXISTING?

gollark: CONSTANTLY!

gollark: Why should I be FORCED to experience 9.81N/kg of downward force?!

gollark: Really, we're enslaved by reality and its ridiculous constraints.

References

Chamberlain, Peter. Gander Terry. 1975. Light and medium field artillery. New York: Arco. ISBN 0668038209.
Zaloga, Steve. 1994. T-34/76 Medium Tank 1941-45. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85532-382-7
Zaloga, Steve. Grandsen, James. 1984. Soviet tanks and combat vehicles of World War Two. London: Arms and Armour Press. p225. ISBN 0853686068.

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[:2-1] Chamberlain, Peter (1975). Light and medium field artillery. Gander, Terry. New York: Arco. p. 62. ISBN 0668038209. OCLC 2067331.

[:1-2] vas. "Guns and Ammo of Soviet Tanks". www.armchairgeneral.com. Retrieved 2017-09-17.

[3] Zaloga, Steve (1994). T-34/76 Medium Tank 1941-45. Osprey Publishing. p. 41. ISBN 978-1-85532-382-7.

[:0-4] "Tank Archives: "Minor Modernization": T-150". Tank Archives. 2016-02-05. Retrieved 2017-09-17.

[5] "Дело о казематной пушке / Гений советской артиллерии. Триумф и трагедия В.Грабина". www.plam.ru. Retrieved 2017-09-17.

[6] Zaloga, Steve (1984). Soviet tanks and combat vehicles of World War Two. Grandsen, James. London: Arms and Armour Press. p. 225. ISBN 0853686068. OCLC 12810882.