Léon Sultan

Léon Réne Sultan (Arabic: ليون سلطان‎; September 13, 1905 - June 23, 1945) was a Maghrebi lawyer and founder of the Communist Party of Morocco.[2][3][4][5]

Léon Sultan
ليون سلطان
A portrait of Leon Sultan published with his obituary in Le Petit Marocain June 24, 1945.[1]
Born (1905-09-13) September 13, 1905
Constantine, Algeria
DiedJune 23, 1945(1945-06-23) (aged 39)
Casablanca, Morocco
Cause of deathStroke from complications of an injury sustained in combat

Background

He was born to a Jewish family—one of 8 children—in Constantine, Algeria in 1905.[2][4] He was technically a French citizen due to the Crémieux Decree.[2] His father worked at the military facilities in the city.[2]

Career

He studied at the College of Law of Algiers (Faculté de droit d’Alger), then from 1925 to 1929 practiced at his own law office in Constantine.[2] In 1929, he moved his practice to Casablanca, Morocco, where he joined young socialists and socialized with the city's Muslims as well as Jews.[2][4] He was fluent in Arabic and French.[4]

He was disbarred by the antisemitic French Vichy regime.[4][5]

Communist activity

In 1936, communist activity was legalized by the Popular Front government in France.[6] A branch of the French communist party was established in Morocco and based in Casablanca, and Léon Sultan served as its secretary.[6] It wasn't big, and it was made up almost exclusively of intellectuals.[6] Léon Sultan wrote articles for the Clarté, a weekly journal published by the group.[4][6] In 1939, the French communist party as well as its Moroccan branch were banned for Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact.[6]

In 1943, communist activity resurged in Morocco, and Léon Sultan served as the first general secretary of the Communist Party of Morocco.[6]

He died in February of 1945, and Ali Yata assumed leadership of the party.[6]

Military service

He enlisted as a volunteer to fight against the Nazis in WWII.[5] He was a lieutenant of the 5th regiment of Moroccan tirailleurs (infantrymen).[5] He participated in Alsace, along the Rhine, in the Palatinate Forest, Württemberg, Bavaria, and Austria, where he was injured on April 29, 1945 fighting on the front.[5] He continued to fight at the head of his section, not being hospitalized until May 11, 1945.[5]

Death

He returned to Casablanca in June, where was due to resume his recovery.[5] His return was celebrated by the Communist Party and other democratic organizations.[5] He died unexpectedly of a stroke from complications of his injury at the military hospital in Casablanca.[5]

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gollark: They aren't "messages". The bridge has to explicitly relay them.
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gollark: Also <@709333181983096834> but nobody likes that.

References
  1. "Le Petit Marocain". Gallica. 1945-06-24. Retrieved 2020-03-22.
  2. "SULTAN Léon-René [Dictionnaire Algérie] - Maitron". maitron.univ-paris1.fr. Retrieved 2020-01-27.
  3. Busky, Donald F. (2002). Communism in History and Theory: Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-97733-7.
  4. "Sultan, Léon René". doi:10.1163/1878-9781_ejiw_sim_000782. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. "Le Petit Marocain". Gallica. 1945-06-24. Retrieved 2020-03-22.
  6. Busky, Donald F. (2002). Communism in History and Theory: Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-97733-7.
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