Kusile Power Station

Kusile Power Station (formerly known as the Bravo Power Station) in South Africa is a coal-fired power plant under construction by state electricity utility Eskom.

Kusile Power Station
Kusile seen from the N4 freeway in 2019
CountrySouth Africa
LocationWitbank
Coordinates25°54′59″S 28°55′02″E
StatusUnder construction
Owner(s)Eskom
Operator(s)
Thermal power station
Primary fuelCoal
Power generation
Units operational3 × 800 MW
Nameplate capacity4,800 MW
External links
CommonsRelated media on Commons

Location

Located about 15 kilometres north of the existing Kendal Power Station near Witbank, Mpumalanga.

Original Concept

Kusile Power Station is designed to consist of six 800 megawatt coal-fired generating units for a total generating capacity of 4,800 megawatts.[1] This station would be the first in Eskom's fleet with flue gas desulphurization technology.

Project Engineer

Black and Veatch was appointed as the project engineer for construction.

Main equipment suppliers

Alstom provided the steam turbines, whilst Hitachi would provide the super critical boilers.

Coal supply

The power utility, Eskom stated that it "will obtain most of the coal required for this Power Station from Anglo Coal's New Largo operations, south east of the Kusile Power Station."[2]

Eskom’s consultants estimate that 35 new coal mines will be required to support the Medupi and Kusile plants.[3]

Construction timeline

Initially expected to take 6 years to complete, the project was not expected to complete Unit 1 until 2017 (approximately 8 years after initial works began) and the entire project not until 2021. [4]

  • 5 June 2007: Department of Environmental Affairs & Tourism issued a positive Record of Decision.[5]
  • February 2008: Hitachi Power Africa awarded the boiler contract worth R18.5 billion. "[6]
  • February 2008: Alstom S&E awarded the turbine island works contract valued at R13 billion. "[7]
  • 14 April 2011: Black & Veatch Corp. Awarded approval for $805.6 million in financing from the U.S. Export-Import Bank.[8][9]
  • 31 May 2011:Export-Import Bank of the United States approves $805 million (R5.78 billion) loan.
  • October 2014: 300 ton 910 MVA Generator Step-up Transformer placed on its foundation, assembled with all its Auxiliary systems and filled with 128 000 Litres of Mineral Oil. All Electrical integrity tests were performed successfully to confirm that the transformer was ready to receive power.
  • 10 March 2017: Unit 1 achieves commercial power.[10]
  • 7 July 2017: Unit 2 was synchronised to the national grid.
  • 16 March 2019: Unit 3 was synchronised to the national grid.[11]

Delays and defects

The dates for full commercial operation were shifted numerous times mostly due to:

  • Labour disputes:
    • May 2011: Eleven contractor vehicles, seven offices, two large mobile cranes, and the west wing of the KCW office block were set alight, vehicles stoned, and offices and stores looted.[12]
    • February 2014: 1400 employees reported absent.[13]
    • 10 August 2018: A fire breaks out at the station amidst tensions with unions over pay increases causing damage.[14]
  • Technical issues such as:
    • Boiler design: high temperatures that the spray water-cooling system could not cope with [15]
    • Fabric filter plant: excessive wear of bags, resulting in blockages [15]
    • Coal mills: not meeting operational requirements, therefore requiring a doubling of servicing [15]

This resulted in Kusile and Medupi considered as some of the worst-performing units in Eskom's fleet.[15] In February 2019, Eskom GM for group technology Titus Mathe reported R8 billon would be needed to fix design defects at Medupi and Kusile. [16]

Critics

The building of this power station attracted various criticisms.

Interference

Hitachi Power Africa, a subsidiary of Hitachi, Ltd.,found by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to have made US$6 million in corrupt payments to a front company for the African National Congress, the ruling political party in South Africa. [17] Hitachi agreed to pay US$19 million to settle charges. [17] Hitachi Power Africa rebranded as Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Africa in February 2014.[18]

Cost

Kusile Power Station is estimated to cost R118 billion to complete.[4]

Financial Institution Support

The following institutions were involved in supporting the project:[19]

Emissions

The plant is expected to emit est 36.8 million tonnes of CO2-equivalent per year once completed.[20]

A 2011 report "The True Cost of Coal: The monstrous price of South Africa's coal addiction" by Greenpeace Africa and the University of Pretoria’s Business Enterprises calculated Kusile's climate change to water use, and impact on health,estimating that the damage caused will cost between R31.2 billion and R60.6 billion a year, and that 30% of Kusile’s externality cost would have been able to generate five times the power with renewable energy.

In November 2011, Greenpeace activists chained themselves to a gate and climbed a crane, a few weeks before the country hosted a global conference on climate change. Authorities arrested nine people, on charges of trespassing and malicious damage to property.[21]

The design of the station does allow for the installation of flue gas desulphurization technology.

Inquiry

By 2018, the governments Public Enterprises Minister Pravin Gordhan announced a forensic probe into delays and cost overruns on the completion of Kusile and Medupi Power Stations.[22]

Corruption controversy

In November 2019 South African investigative journalist Pieter-Louis Myburgh published an article in the Daily Maverick detailing an alleged slush fund corruption scandal involving Eskom executives and at least four contractors.[23] The scandal involved contracts worth a combined R10 billion resulting in an estimated R75 million being lost due to irregular activities.[23] By the time of the publication of Myburgh's article the construction of Kusile was five years past its original completion date and an estimated R80 billion (equivalent to US$5.4 billion) over budget.[23]

gollark: It's in "1.2.3 System Component".
gollark: The datasheet seems to suggest it has hardware gzip, which is kind of weird.
gollark: The HDMI input is interesting.
gollark: https://www.cnx-software.com/2021/12/16/rockchip-rk3588-datasheet-sbc-coming-soon/ apparently exists now, but I don't know where their information is from.
gollark: ... yes, I just forgot geography, oops.

See also

Media related to Kusile Power Station at Wikimedia Commons

References
  1. Terence Creamer, "Eskom begins standing its ground, but regaining credibility will be tough", Engineering News, June 6, 2008.
  2. Eskom Holdings Ltd, "Second Key Stakeholder Meeting between Eskom and Topigs SA", August 19, 2009.
  3. "Move Beyond Coal, Now!: Voices from the Front Lines of the Global Struggle" Archived 2013-05-23 at the Wayback Machine Sierra Club report, Sep. 2011.
  4. "Worker killed at Kusile Power Station". SABC. 2015-09-15.
  5. Eskom, New Build News" Archived 2013-06-16 at Archive.today, November 2007.
  6. "Eskom Announces Major Contracts for Bravo Project" Archived 2008-04-12 at the Wayback Machine, Media Release, February 29, 2008.
  7. "Eskom Announces Major Contracts for Bravo Project" Archived 2008-04-12 at the Wayback Machine, Media Release, February 29, 2008.
  8. "South African Coal Plant Wins U.S. Backing Over Environmentalist Protests" Mark Drajem, Bloomberg, April 14, 2011.
  9. "Ex-Im Bank Gives Preliminary Approval For $800M Loan To South Africa Power Plant" Wall Street Journal, April 14, 2011.
  10. "Kusile unit 1 goes on full load". www.eskom.co.za. Retrieved 2018-04-09.
  11. "New Kusile unit produces power eight months ahead of schedule". TimesLIVE. Retrieved 2019-10-16.
  12. https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/kusile-strikers-caused-r100m-in-damage--minister
  13. https://www.powerengineeringint.com/articles/2014/07/south-african-strike-disrupts-power-plant-construction.html
  14. "Eskom investigating cause of fire at Kusile power station". www.timeslive.co.za. Retrieved 2019-01-01.
  15. Donnelly, Lynley. "Medupi and Kusile: Costly and faulty". The M&G Online. Retrieved 2019-08-30.
  16. "Kusile and Medupi were destined to fail from the start". BusinessLIVE. Retrieved 2019-08-30.
  17. "DA Laying Charges Over Hitachi Payment to ANC 'Front' for Medupi, Kusile Contracts". Times Live. 2015-09-29.
  18. "Eskom and the multi-billion rand mega projects that could have saved SA". Fin24. 2019-02-13. Retrieved 2019-02-13.
  19. "Kusile Coal Power Plant, Bank Role," BankTrack, accessed April 22, 2011
  20. Andreas Spath, "US To Finance Dirty Coal Power In South Africa" Care 2 Care, May 30, 2011.
  21. "Greenpeace protests South African coal-fired power station; police arrest 9" Washington Post, November 6, 2011.
  22. Khumalo, Sibongile (2018-12-06). "Eskom opens forensic probe into Medupi, Kusile". Fin24. Retrieved 2019-01-01.
  23. Myburgh, Pieter-Louis. "SCORPIO: Top Eskom contractors in fresh R75m Kusile slush fund scandal". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 2019-11-27.
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