Kopter SH09

The Kopter SH09 (formerly the Marenco Swisshelicopter SKYe SH09) is a Swiss five to eight seat, single-engine utility helicopter which is currently under development by Kopter.[6] It is promoted by Kopter as being a clean-sheet design amongst a market sector dominated by decades-old airframe designs.[7]

SH09
Role Helicopter
National origin Switzerland
Manufacturer Kopter
Designer Martin Stucki
First flight 2 October 2014
Introduction planned 2019[1]
Status Under development
Number built 3[2][3]
Program cost CHF420 million (2018)[4]
Unit cost
$3.5 million (2016)[5]

The prototype first flew on 2 October 2014.

On 28 January 2020, Italian helicopter manufacturer Leonardo announced that it will acquire Kopter during 2020, for $185 million, plus bonuses. At the time Kopter employed 320 people.[8]

Development

Origins

In 2002, Martin Stucki, a mechanical engineer and commercial helicopter pilot, initiated design work on a design that led to the SH09.[5] Frustrated by legacy designs and typically unsuited cockpits, Stucki had observed that the light single-engine helicopter market had not seen any all-new designs in decades, and he conducted market research that indicated a viable demand for a new rotorcraft in the 2.5-tonne class. In 2007 he formed Marenco Swisshelicopter (Marenco - from Martin Engineering and Consulting) to develop the rotorcraft.[5]

The SH09 adopted several modern features. Its airframe is entirely composed of carbon composite materials; it employs a shrouded fenestron tail rotor and a high-visibility cockpit.[5] The carbon composite construction allowed a relatively low empty weight. According to Mathias Senes, Marenco's chief commercial officer: "There’s no other material today that brings the benefits of rigidity, strength, and light weight".[5] Stucki approached his design from a pilot's perspective, attempting to improve ergonomics, comfort, and operator requirements. It possesses excellent hot and high performance, lengthy flight endurance, a low noise signature, and has relatively smooth handling.[5]

By 2009, sufficient financing had been secured from investors, which allowed for the SH09 to be formally launched that year; accordingly, the helicopter was given the designation SKYe SH09 in reference to the year that development on the project officially commenced.[5] A small number of staff worked on the project, initially being a team of nine; an emphasis was made on recruiting very high quality engineers, including from other rotorcraft manufacturers such as Airbus Helicopters; the company had over 100 employees in 2016. Company operations in Switzerland have been split between the towns of Pfäffikon, where design work is centered, and Mollis, where assembly and flight testing operations are conducted; a third facility in Germany handles compliance verification.[5]

A pre-production prototype of the SH09 was displayed at Heli-Expo 2011 in Orlando, Florida, marking its public introduction.[9][10] At that time, Marenco stated that it planned to make first deliveries in 2015, and that it would produce as many as 15 SH09s within the first year as well as potentially rising to 30 rotorcraft in the following year. It was also stated that, while the Honeywell HTS900 turboshaft engine had been selected as the initial powerplant for the SH09, it was hoped that customers would soon be offered a choice in engines.[7]

In January 2018 the company was rebranded as Kopter, with the helicopter name changed to SH09 (dropping the SKY-e).[11]

Prototypes

The flight test program will use three prototypes.[5][12] Prototype P1 first flew on 2 October 2014,[13][10] and was used to complete the first phase of the flight test program, proving the handling and attitude of the aircraft, and expanding the flight envelope, including autorotation tests and being flown to 97 per cent of its maximum internal load takeoff weight. P2 and P3 are the main vehicles for airworthiness certification testing; they are more representative of production aircraft, their design incorporating several refinements.[5] The company plans to first certify SH09 with EASA, then rapidly seek certification in the United States.[5] Completion of P1 was reportedly delayed by as much as six months due to the late delivery of its engine by Honeywell.[14] In December 2013, the completed P1 was revealed to the public.[15]

First flight of P1, lasting 20 minutes, was flown by chief test pilot Dwayne Williams.[13][16] At that time the company projected receiving EASA certification within 12-16 months.[12] In summer 2015, Marenco halted flight tests after 100 flight hours to focus on producing the second prototype, which incorporated a modified bearingless rotor head and new rotor blades to reduce vibrations.[17][18] By September 2015, it was recognised that the original development timeline had been optimistic.[19] On 26 February 2016, P2 performed its first flight, piloted by new chief test pilot Richard Trueman. At this point, certification was expected to be achieved near to the end of 2016 or during early 2017.[20]

In May 2016, it was reported that Marenco were increasing the pace of the flight test program, that P3 was to be completed within that year, and that type certification should occur during 2017. Marenco had 70 Letters of intent in autumn 2015 and 90 in spring 2016, half from North America.[21] In September 2015 the company stated its expectation to produce 40-100 aircraft per year.[5][22] Also in May 2016 a company representative indicated that Marenco was pursuing the development of a twin-engine version of the design.[23] In late 2016, Stucki stated that some flexibility to allow for the future adaption of the SH09 to become a twin-engine helicopter had already been incorporated into the base design, and indicated that a twin-engine variant was a straightforward progression.[5]

In October 2016, Stucki stated that P3 would be completed in early 2017, and that certification would likely to occur within 2018.[24] Development was delayed by having to design and manufacture not only the helicopter itself, but also supporting tools such as test equipment.[22][25][5]

In January 2018 the company stated its hope that the rotorcraft would enter service in 2019.[1] In February 2018, Kopter was seeking to raise CHF 150 million to carry it through certification to production in the second half of 2019, adding to the CHF 270 million already spent since 2007 by the Russian Mamut foundation.[4] During the 2018 Heli-Expo, Kopter announced 23 firm orders and 11 options worth $119 million from Norwegian Helitrans (12+6), Elling Halvorson for Rainier Heli Lift, Hawaiian Paradise Helicopters and South African Safomar Aviation.[26]

Design

The SH09 is a light-medium helicopter, powered by a single Honeywell HTS900 turboshaft engine. It uses a shrouded fenestron tail rotor and the main rotor features a five-bladed bearingless hub; the shrouded tail rotor has a wider diameter and a thinner chord in order to increase airflow, while design aspects such as a narrow tail boom, swept-back tips on the main rotor blades, and the shrouded tail rotor offer reduced noise.[27][5] The HTS900 is rated at 1,020-shaft-horsepower, providing improved performance in hot and high conditions.[5]

The monocoque fuselage is made from composite materials and is equipped with sliding side doors on either side along with a rear clamshell door; it incorporates a series of floor-mounted windows between the pilots' seats for additional vertical visibility.[5][12] Some of the composite materials used have been produced using out of autoclave composite manufacturing from suppliers such as TenCate[28] and Gurit.[29] According to Marenco, inspiration for the fuselage's design was drawn from the automotive industry.[7] It has been stated that the firm has sought to introduce the cabin volume of medium-sized twin-engine helicopters to the single-engine market.[12]

The SH09 is offered with various different layout configurations. The standard option provides two pilot seats forward and four passenger seats aft, all adjustable fore/aft and up/down.[5] In a high density configuration, five seats are installed in the rear position along with two more passenger seats inline with the pilot's own, which loses the option of the floor window. The use of Kevlar-threaded crashworthy fuel tanks, which are built into the wall and floor of the cargo hold, freed up space to allow for fully adjustable passenger seats in the cabin. The cargo hold is sized to accommodate 10 items of baggage, while the fuel tanks are sized to provide for an endurance of nearly five hours.[5] The rear clamshell door and high-mounted tail boom were designed for air ambulance applications.[5]

The SKH09 cockpit layout provides a generous field of view.[5] A Sagem-built ICDS-8A glass cockpit suite is an integrated part of the SH09's standard avionics and instrumentation package.[30][7] The rotorcraft has been designed with a condition-based maintenance policy, specifying that there should be no time between overhaul (TBO) limits on its various components and systems, including the engine; instead, maintenance is performed based upon condition, which is continuously monitored at all times by an onboard health and usage monitoring system (HUMS).[5] Ease of maintenance and access to systems was an active consideration during the design phase, aiming to deliver lower overall maintenance costs.[5]

Operational history

It was announced at Heli-Expo 2016 that Swiss operator Air Zermatt would serve as the SH09's launch customer.[31]

Specifications (SH09)

Data from AIN Online[21]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 1-2
  • Capacity: 3-7
  • Length: 10.2 m (33 ft 6 in)
  • Empty weight: 1,300 kg (2,866 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight: 2,650 kg (5,842 lb)
  • Fuel capacity: 750 liters (198 US gallons)
  • Rotor systems: 5 blades on bearingless main rotor, shrouded 120 cm tail rotor[22]
  • Powerplant: 1 × Honeywell HTS900-2[32] turboshaft engine, 761 kW (1,021 hp)
  • Main rotor diameter: 11 m (36 ft 1 in)

Performance

  • Cruise speed: 259–269 km/h (161–167 mph, 140–145 kn)
  • Never exceed speed: 280 km/h (174 mph, 151 kn)
  • Range: 800 km (500 mi, 430 nmi)
  • Sling-load: 3,300 lb (1,497 kg), HIGE at 3,000 m
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See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

References
  1. Mark Huber (23 January 2018). "Swisshelicopter SH09 Slated To Enter Service in 2019". AINonline.
  2. "HB-ZXA, SKYe SH09 aus dem Verkehr gezogen". www.helico-skyheli.ch.
  3. "Swiss Aircraft Register". www.bazl.admin.ch.
  4. Stephen Trimble (27 February 2018). "Kopter seeks to raise another Swfr150 million for certification". Flightglobal.
  5. Johnson, Oliver. "Reaching for the SKYe." Vertical Magazine, 19 October 2016.
  6. "Marenco SKYe SH09 Prototype Nearly Complete". Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  7. Croft, John. "Marenco launches first Swiss-made helicopter." Flight International, 8 March 2011.
  8. Pilar Wolfsteller (28 January 2020). "Leonardo acquires Kopter in a deal worth at least $185m". Flightglobal.
  9. Andrew Parker (1 April 2011). "Marenco Swisshelicopter SKYe SH09: 'Not a Facelift Aircraft'". Rotor & Wing.
  10. Dubois, Thierry. "Start-up Marenco Flies SKYe Helicopter for First Time" AIN Online, 2 October 2014. Accessed: 3 October 2014.
  11. "Marenco Swisshelicopter rebrands as Kopter". 1 February 2018.
  12. Perry, Dominic. "Marenco upbeat on SKYe SH09's prospects after first flight." Flight International, 7 October 2014.
  13. "Marenco Swisshelicopter SKYe SH09 goes airborne for the first time." Vertical Magazine, 2 October 2014.
  14. Trimble, Stephen. "HELI-EXPO: Engine delivery quickens pace to first flight for Swiss helo." Flight International, 5 March 2013.
  15. "Marenco Swisshelicopter unveils first SKYe SH09 light single." Flight International, 6 December 2013.
  16. "Photos and video, first flight of the SKYe SH09". blueskyrotor.com.
  17. "Marenco Redesigns SKYe Helicopter's Main Rotor Head". Aviation International News.
  18. Press Release Archived 27 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine (German language). Marenco Swisshelicopter, 26 February 2016.
  19. "OPINION: Developing Swiss precision." Flight International, 28 September 2015
  20. Perry, Dominic. "HELI-EXPO: Marenco flies second SKYe SH09 prototype." Flight International, 29 February 2016.
  21. "Marenco Steps Up Flight Testing of New SH09 Helicopter". Aviation International News. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
  22. "ANALYSIS: Marenco adds Swiss precision to helicopter market". Flightglobal.com. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
  23. "Marenco eyes light twin as SH09 successor". Flightglobal.com. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
  24. Perry, Dominic. "Marenco nears high-speed tests of SH09." Flight International, 11 October 2016.
  25. "A helicopter on the test bench with HBM". hbm.com. 5 December 2014.
  26. Alexa Paprosky (27 February 2018). "Kopter Wins $119M in Orders from SH09 Launch Customers". AIN.
  27. "SKYe SH09: En Route For Its First Flight". Helicopter Magazine Europe. 30 June 2013.
  28. "TenCate". 5 March 2015.
  29. "Marenco Swisshelicopter's High-Performance SKYe SH09 Helicopter Featuring Gurit's Composite Materials Completes Maiden Flight". netcomposites.com. NetComposites. 21 October 2014. Retrieved 2018-09-18.
  30. Courtney Howard. "Marenco Swiss Helicopter offers Sagem ICDS-8A glass cockpit for SKYe SH-09 helicopter". intelligent-aerospace.com.
  31. Perry, Dominic. "HELI-EXPO: Air Zermatt signs as launch customer for Marenco SKYe SH09." Flight International, 2 March 2016.
  32. "Honeywell signs engine contract with Marenco Swisshelicopter". honeywell.com.
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