Khaya anthotheca

Khaya anthotheca, with the common name East African mahogany, is a large tree species in the Meliaceae family, native to tropical Africa.

Khaya anthotheca
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Meliaceae
Genus: Khaya
Species:
K. anthotheca
Binomial name
Khaya anthotheca
(Welw.) C.DC.
Synonyms
  • Khaya nyasica Stapf ex Baker f. (1911)[2]

The name anthotheca was taken from the Greek word anthos, meaning flower, while theca refers to a capsule. It is known by a number of other common names, including Nyasaland, red or white mahogany. Oos-Afrikaanse mahonie is the Afrikaans name and acajou is its name in French.

Distribution

It is widespread, occurring from Guinea Bissau east to Uganda and Tanzania, and south to Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Mozambique. It is fairly widely grown in plantations within its natural area of distribution, but also in South Africa, tropical Asia and tropical America. It is easily confused with other Khaya species like K. grandifoliola, K. senegalensis or K. ivorensis in the north of its natural range.

Habitat

The East African mahogany grows in medium to low altitude areas in evergreen forests. They require damp lands in order to grow. The Big Tree in Chirinda Forest is the tallest native tree in Zimbabwe.

Description

Khaya anthotheca trees may grow between 30 to 60 metres (98 to 197 ft) tall. They have greyish-brown bark.

On mature trees, white scented flowers are borne at the ends of the branches.

Common uses

It is used for furniture, flooring, paneling and boat building and for musical instrument (e.g. guitar). It is a very suitable tree for these projects because the bark weathers well, is resistant to borers and termites, besides fungal decay, and is tough but saws well. The bark has a bitter taste which is often used as a medicine for common colds. The oil from the seeds can also be rubbed into a person's scalp to rid of insects and lice.

Threats

It is often cut down and destroyed in East and West Africa. Planting new trees in these areas to make up for what was destroyed is very rare. Genetic erosion is thought to have occurred as well. Because of this, the species is listed as "vulnerable" on the IUCN Red List. Some of its populations have been offered protection, and some countries placed bans on its export. The foliage is eaten by the larvae of the moth Heteronygmia dissimilis.[3]

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References
  1. Hawthorne, W. (1998). "Khaya anthotheca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1998: e.T32235A9690061. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T32235A9690061.en.
  2. Maroyi, A. (2008). "Khaya anthotheca (Welw.) C.DC". Prota 7 (1): Timbers/Bois d’œuvre 1. PROTA, Wageningen, Netherlands. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
  3. Capinera, John L. (2008). Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 68–70. ISBN 978-1-4020-6242-1.
  • Alec Naidoo Pretoria. National Botanical Garden. September 2007. Downloaded October 17, 2012.
  • Forestry Department. Downloaded October 18, 2012.
  • Mpingo Conservation and Development Initiative. Downloaded October 20, 2012.


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