Khalifa

Khalifa or Khalifah (Arabic: خليفة) is a name or title which means "successor", "ruler" or "leader". It most commonly refers to the leader of a Caliphate, but is also used as a title among various Islamic religious groups and orders. Khalifa is sometimes also pronounced as "kalifa". There were 4 khalifas after Prophet Mohammed died, beginning with Abu Bakr. This was a difficult decision for the people to make, for no one except Prophet Mohammed had ever thought with foresight about who would rule after he would die. The Khilaafat (or Caliphate) was then contested and gave rise to the eventual division of the Islamic Umma into two groups, the Sunni and the Shi'a who interpret the word, Khalifa in differently nuanced ways.

For other uses, see Khalifa (disambiguation).
Khalifa
خَليفة
Abu Bakr the first Khalifa
PronunciationArabic: [xaliːfa]
GenderMale
Language(s)Arabic
Origin
MeaningLeader, Successor, Steward, Deputy
Region of originArabia
Islamic Caliphate
Other names
Alternative spellingKhalifah, Khaleefa, Khaleefah, Caliph
Variant form(s)Khalifeh (Persian), Halife (Turkish), Kalifa (West African)

The earliest Islamic uses include 'Khaleefa(ḥ)' in The Qur'an, 2:30, where Allah commands the angels to bow down to Adam which more clearly guides to the root Classical Arabic meaning of the word as "Vicegerent", or divinely connected representative of Allah in the human form as a mercy to mankind. See also how this meaning interacts with the word, Shirk (associating a partner or partners to Allah ) by (for example) bowing down to them (in this case, Adam[1]) with reverence. "Vicegerent", therefore, is more at "divinely-guided spokesman" than "deputy" in this context and leads to the discovery of the role of Imam in Islam, from the Shi'i or Shi'a[2] point of view where, it is claimed, the spiritual Khilaafat or designation of Khaleefa in this meaning of spiritual and temporal guide falls upon the first Imam, 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, "the favourite" (who received his mission from his cousin Muhammed himself but who also conceded the Khilaafat to the election and claim of the politically more powerful and more popular leader and his senior, Abu Bakr). In the Shi'i tradition, however, the dissolved claim to the Khilaafat by 'Ali thereafter crystallised into Imamat which continued with his descendants after him through appointment by nass, or designation).

Concept

Living people

Historical people
  • Adam,[1] The first ever creature said in the Holy Scriptures to be created in human form and also the first Khaleef of Islam appointed by Allah
  • Khalifa ibn Khayyat (c. 777 – c. 854), Arab historian
  • Khalifa Keita (r. 1274–1275), fourth mansa of the Mali Empire
  • Katip Çelebi, or Hajji Khalifa, (1599–1658), Ottoman-Turkish author
  • Abdallahi ibn Muhammad (1846–1899), known as "The Khalifa", Sudanese Mahdist leader
  • Khalifa bin Harub of Zanzibar (1879–1960), sultan of Zanzibar
  • Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa (1919–2006), Sudanese politician
  • Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani (1932–2016), Emir of Qatar (r. 1972–1995)
  • Rashad Khalifa (1935–1990), Egyptian biochemist
  • Mohammed Jamal Khalifa (1957–2007), Saudi Arabian businessman

House of Khalifa
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See also

References
  1. "Surah Al-Baqarah [2:30]". Surah Al-Baqarah [2:30]. Retrieved 2017-03-05.
  2. "What is Shi'a Islam? | The Institute of Ismaili Studies". www.iis.ac.uk. Retrieved 2017-03-05.
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