Keystone (train)

The Keystone was a set of eight lightweight streamlined cars built by the Budd Company in 1956 for the Pennsylvania Railroad. The set comprised seven coaches seating a total of 574 passengers and a single head end power (HEP) generator car. The train was normally used in New York, New York, to Washington, D.C., service, making two round trips per day. The design was not a success and the cars were retired in 1968.

Not to be confused with Keystone Service.
Keystone
Illustration of one of the Keystone coaches from a 1956 advertisement.
In service1956–1968
ManufacturerBudd Company
Constructed1956
Number built1
Number preserved1
Formation1 power car and 7 coaches
Design codeHEP: HP53, Coaches: P85K
Fleet numbers9600–9607
Capacity574 (82 per coach)
Operator(s)Pennsylvania Railroad
Specifications
Car lengthHEP:53 feet (16.15 m) Coaches:85 feet (25.91 m)
Width9 feet 10 inches (3.00 m)
Height11 feet 9 inches (3.58 m)
Wheel diameter34 inches (0.86 m)
Wheelbase7 feet 2 inches (2.18 m)
Weight91,780 pounds (41,630 kg)
Power supplyTwo Cummins Diesel V12 400HP powering Two westinghouse 440V 3 phase 60 cycle 265KW
Train heating1 AC unit per car
Track gauge4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Notes
[1]

Design

The coaches were of a unique, split-level design, with the center portion of each car having a floor level two feet below that of standard coaches. This lowered the cars' center of gravity, allowing the train to safely take curves at higher speeds. The coaches were also built to a stressed-skin "Tubular" design, with the shell of the car providing all of the cars structural strength, without the normal heavy steel underframe. This resulted in cars weighing only 60% of what standard cars would weigh.[2]

The split-level design, with short stairways between levels, proved unpopular with passengers, causing bottlenecks during loading and unloading.[3]

Service history

The Pennsylvania introduced the cars in 1956, with the set making two daily round-trips between New York City and Washington, D.C.. These services were named Morning Keystone, Midday Keystone, Evening Keystone, and Midnight Keystone. In addition to the tubular coaches all four trains operated with conventional equipment such as dining cars and parlor cars. The Midnight Keystone, which departed New York at 11:10 PM, carried sleeping cars.[4]

The train set was retired from service in 1968 and stored in Altoona, Pennsylvania.[5] Amtrak took possession of the equipment but sold it to the South East Michigan Transportation Authority (SEMTA) in May 1976 for $80,000.[6][7] SEMTA never used the equipment, and sold it to the Chicago, Central and Pacific Railroad in 1986.[8]

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References
  1. Budd Company. "E-456589-B,A - class P85k (#9603-9607)".
  2. Pennsylvania Railroad (1956). "About the New Tubular Train" (PDF).
  3. "The Edward G. Budd Manufacturing Company", trainweb.org
  4. Official Guide of the Railways. New York: National Railway Publication Co. July 1956. OCLC 6340864.
  5. "PRR CHRONOLOGY: 1968" (PDF). June 2004. Retrieved 2014-05-26.
  6. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-03. Retrieved 2009-03-24.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. Simon, Elbert; Warner, David C. (2011). Amtrak by the numbers: a comprehensive passenger car and motive power roster, 1971-2011. Kansas City, Missouri: White River Productions. p. 153. ISBN 978-1-932804-12-6.
  8. Ingles, J. David (June 1986). "Arrivals & Departures". Trains. 46 (8): 10–11. ISSN 0041-0934.
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