Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge

The Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge was an artificial wetland environment, created using agricultural runoff from farmland in California's Central Valley.

Evaporation ponds in the Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge

The irrigation water is transported to the valley from sources in the Sierra Nevada via the California Aqueduct. Minerals from these sources are carried in the water and concentrated by evaporation from aqueducts, canals, and fields. This has resulted in an exceptionally high accumulation of selenium and other minerals in the wetlands. Wildlife in this region suffered deformities[1] due to selenium poisoning, drawing the attention of news media and leading to the closure of the refuge.[2][3]

Kesterson Reservoir was a unit of the refuge but is now part of San Luis National Wildlife Refuge.

Westlands-Kesterson Timeline
Deformed Duckling
  • 1952 - Westlands Water District is formed and would become the nation's largest Water district covering 600,000 acres[4]
  • 1961 - United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) agrees to build San Luis Reservoir and a runoff drain that would benefit the Westlands
  • 1975 - Funding for the Westlands drain cut by congress resulting in toxic run-off diverted to Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge evaporation ponds
  • 1977 Nov 5 - 529 page federal report says USBR has failed to breakup corporate ownership in Westlands over 160 acre limit[5]
  • 1978 - 7,000 acre feet of toxic water laced with Selenium and pesticides sent annually to Kesterson evaporation ponds flows into wildlife reserve
  • 1983 - 60% of baby birds are deformed within Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge where contaminated water is sent
  • 1985 - Tragedy at Kesterson Reservoir: Death of a Wildlife Refuge Illustrates Failings of Water Law[6]
  • 1996 - USBR and State forms Grasslands Bypass Project to divert contaminated water from going into Kesterson
  • 2000 Mar 1 - Court of Appeals orders USBR to construct CVP Drain[7]
  • Jun 9 - $450 million water plan proposed by Governor Davis includes raising Shasta dam height[8]
  • 2002 Feb 13 - Natural Resources Defense Council appeals Judge's ruling over how much CVP water can be retained for wildlife[9]
  • Nov 17 - USBR close to making deal to buy contaminated lands in Westlands[10]
  • 2004 Apr 22 - Sac Express The Rich get wetter
  • Jul 14 - Court order allows for protection of fish in Trinity River with water[11]
  • Sep 14 - EWG Less Land, More Water Soaking Uncle Sam
  • 2007 Aug 30 - Cal fishing community says Westlands Wants to Raise Shasta Dam And Grab $40 Billion in Subsidized Water[12]
  • 2009 Jun 10 - TJA CVP pumping changes to protect fish
  • 2012 Mar 2 - Court of Appeals ends thirteen year legal battle between Westlands and Interior Dept in government's favor[13]
  • 2017 Mar 17 - San Luis Unit Drainage Resolution Act (H.R.1769) proposed to deal with Kesterson drainage[14]
  • May 18 - Ex-Westlands Water District lobbyist picked for key Dept. of Interior post[15]
  • Nov 10 - USBR and Westlands Water District settlement in limbo[16]
  • 2018 Jan 23 - Deadline passes but Westlands confident of help from Congress[17]
  • May 3 - Billions at play over Kesterson impacts and the growing pressure to accept deal from Westland's big farmers[18]
  • 2019 May 1 - USBR-Westlands drainage deal for CVP water: Whose who and what's involved[19]
  • May 23 - Congressional Research Service releases new report on the CVP and legislative proposals[20]
  • Sept 6 - Environmentalists win Appeals Court Victory against San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Polluters[21]
  • Nov 15 - Interior Secretary David Bernhardt, who was the former lawyer for Westlands proposes permanent CVP water contract[22]
gollark: That's literally smaller than the secret bee facility™, I think.
gollark: Wow, how big and good.
gollark: Didn't you demolish all the farms and stuff?
gollark: It might not even be an island.
gollark: It's so private I don't even know where it is.

See also
  • Selenium pollution

References
  1. "Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center". Archived from the original on October 29, 2004. Retrieved February 15, 2005.
  2. "Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center". Archived from the original on March 10, 2005. Retrieved February 15, 2005.
  3. "Tragedy at Kesterson Reservoir: Death of a Wildlife Refuge Illustrates Failings of Water Law". Environmental Law Reporter. 1985. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
  4. Boxall, Bettina (2020-02-29). "Westlands Water District gets permanent U.S. contract for massive irrigation deliveries". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2020-03-02.
  5. "Report: Westlands Violates 160 Acre law". Fresno Bee. 5 November 1977. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  6. "Tragedy at Kesterson Reservoir: Death of a Wildlife Refute Illustrates Failings of Water Law". Environmental Law Reporter. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
  7. "Central Valley Project: Court Orders Feds to Build Agricultural Irrigation Drain". cp-dr.com. Retrieved 16 November 2019.
  8. "Underground storage seen as key to assuring water supply" (Volume 143, Number 160, pg 6). Santa Cruz Sentinel. 9 June 2000. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
  9. "Water Ruling Favoring Farmers Draws Protest" (Volume 146, Number 43, pg 4). Santa Cruz Sentinel. 13 February 2002. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  10. "Feds near deal to buy salt-poisoned California farmland" (Volume 146, Number 320, pg 8). Santa Cruz Sentinel. 17 November 2002. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  11. "Court OKs increased flows to Trinity River" (Volume 148, Number 196, pg 10). Santa Cruz Sentinel. 14 July 2004. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
  12. Chandler, Tom. "Westlands Wants to Raise Shasta Dam And Grab $40 Billion in Subsidized Water". troutunderground.com. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
  13. "San Luis & Delta-Mendota Water Authority v. United States, 672 F.3d 676 (9th Cir. 2012)". courtlistener.com. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
  14. "H.R.1769 - San Luis Unit Drainage Resolution Act". congress.gov. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  15. Doyle, Michael (18 May 2017). "Trump picked this ex-lobbyist for key Interior position". Centre Daily Times. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
  16. "California Westlands water settlement in limbo". HCN.org. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
  17. Griswold, Lewis (23 January 2018). "Congress misses deadline to approve west-side water fix, but deal not unraveling yet". Fresno Bee. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
  18. Weiser, Matt (3 May 2018). "Pressure Mounts to Solve California's Toxic Farmland Drainage Problem". KQED. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
  19. Doyle, Michael; Jacobs, Jeremy (1 May 2019). "WESTERN WATER Calif. drainage deal sinks into doldrums". E&E News. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
  20. "Central Valley Project: Issues and Legislation". crsreports.congress.gov. U.S. Congress. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
  21. "Groups Win Court Victory Against Central Valley Agricultural Polluters". YubaNet.com. 9 September 2019. Retrieved 16 November 2019.
  22. Hiltzik, Michael (15 November 2019). "Interior Secretary Bernhardt's previous job raises questions about a deal for his ex-client". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 16 November 2019.



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