Karin Enke

Karin Enke-Richter (née Enke, formerly Busch and Kania, born 20 June 1961) is a former speed skater, one of the most dominant of the 1980s. She is a three-time Olympic gold medallist, winning the 500 metres in 1980, the 1000 metres in 1984 and the 1500 metres in 1984. She won a total of eight Olympic medals.

Karin Enke

Karin Enke in 1983
Personal information
Born	(1961-06-20) 20 June 1961 Dresden, East Germany
Height	1.80 m (5 ft 11 in)
Weight	72 kg (159 lb)
Sport
Sport	Speed skating
Club	SC Einheit Dresden
Medal record Women's speed skating Representing  East Germany Olympic Games 1980 Lake Placid 500 m 1984 Sarajevo 1000 m 1984 Sarajevo 1500 m 1984 Sarajevo 500 m 1984 Sarajevo 3000 m 1988 Calgary 1000 m 1988 Calgary 1500 m 1988 Calgary 500 m

Short biography

Karin Enke started her sport career as a figure skater at the club SC Einheit Dresden. Representing East Germany she came in ninth place at the European Figure Skating Championships in 1977. Later she changed to speed skating. Dominant on all distances (being reigning World Allround Champion and World Sprint Champion, and having won German Single Distance Championships titles on all five distances in 1983), Enke was the favourite for all four distances at the 1984 Winter Olympics of Sarajevo, but she won "only" two gold and two silver medals.[1] At the World Cup, Enke had 21 single-distance victories, but won only one overall World Cup. She retired from speed skating after the 1987–88 season.

Born as Karin Enke, she married in 1981 and competed as Karin Busch during the 1981–82 winter. The marriage did not last long and during the 1982–83 and 1983–84 winters, she competed as Karin Enke again. After marrying her longtime former trainer Rudolf Kania in 1984, she competed as Karin Kania for the rest of her speed skating career. After her career had ended, she divorced and married again and became Karin Enke-Richter.

Like several other female East German skaters who got married after the season had ended (and several of them more than once over the course of their careers), Enke caused some confusion among the speed skating public when she—a skater with a name unfamiliar to them—suddenly won major titles in her "first" season. To alleviate the confusion, Enke kept her maiden name as the first part of her last name after her third marriage, just like Gunda Kleemann (also known as Gunda Niemann and Gunda Niemann-Stirnemann) kept Niemann (the name of her first husband) as the first part of her last name even after her divorce and both before and after her second marriage, which is unusual in most Western European countries.

Doping use

On 3 January 2010, Giselher Spitzer, a German sport historian and researcher of the Humboldt University of Berlin, claimed in the Dutch TV documentary Andere Tijden ('Other Times') that back in 1984, Karin Enke had been prepared with doping. He based his claim on Stasi-documents, which were shown during the programme. Citation: "[Dem Arzt] war bekannt, dass Karin ENKE zu den Olympischen Spielen zu den ausgewählten Athleten gehörte, die mit erheblichen Mengen Testosteron und gleichzeitigen Gegenspritzen von Epitestosteron auf ihre Wettkämpfe vorbereitet würden." ("It was known to the medic, that Karin ENKE at the Olympic Games belonged to those athletes who were prepared for the Games with relevant measures of Testosteron and, synchronously, with contrasting measures of Epitosteron.").[2]

Medals

Karin Enke at the European Championships in 1983

An overview of medals won by Enke at important championships she participated in, listing the years in which she won each:

Championships	Gold medal	Silver medal	Bronze medal
Winter Olympics	1980 (500 m) 1984 (1000 m) 1984 (1500 m)	1984 (500 m) 1984 (3000 m) 1988 (1000 m) 1988 (1500 m)	1988 (500 m)
World Allround	1982 1984 1986 1987 1988	1981 1983
World Sprint	1980 1981 1983 1984 1986 1987	1982 1988
World Cup	1986 (1000 m)	1986 (500 m) 1986 (1500 m) 1988 (1000 m)	1986 (3000/5000 m) 1988 (500 m) 1988 (1500 m) 1988 (3000/5000 m)
European Allround		1981 1982 1983
German Allround	1982 1983
German Sprint	1984 1986	1983
German Single Distance	1980 (1000 m) 1983 (500 m) 1983 (1000 m) 1983 (1500 m) 1983 (3000 m) 1983 (5000 m) 1984 (500 m) 1984 (1000 m) 1984 (1500 m) 1986 (1000 m) 1987 (500 m) 1988 (1000 m) 1988 (1500 m)	1980 (1500 m) 1986 (500 m) 1986 (1500 m) 1986 (3000 m) 1988 (500 m)	1980 (500 m)

World records

Over the course of her career, Enke skated 10 world records:

Distance	Result	Date	Location
Mini combination	168.271	14 February 1982	Inzell
1500 m	2:03.42	9 February 1984	Sarajevo
1000 m	1:18.84	22 February 1986	Karuizawa
Sprint combination	160.060	23 February 1986	Karuizawa
1500 m	2:02.23	6 March 1986	Inzell
3000 m	4:18.02	21 March 1986	Medeo
500 m	39.52	21 March 1986	Medeo
1500 m	1:59.30	22 March 1986	Medeo
Mini combination	168.387	22 March 1986	Inzell
1000 m	1:18.11	5 December 1987	Calgary

Personal records

To put these personal records in perspective, the last column (WR) lists the official world records on the dates that Enke skated her personal records.[1]

Distance	Result	Date	Location	WR
500 m	39.24	22 February 1988	Calgary	39.39
1000 m	1:17.70	26 February 1988	Calgary	1:18.11
1500 m	1:59.30	22 March 1986	Medeo	2:02.23
3000 m	4:17.76	5 December 1987	Calgary	4:16.85
5000 m	7:39.82	22 March 1986	Medeo	7:31.45
Small combination	168.272	22 March 1986	Medeo	171.760
Mini combination	168.271	14 February 1982	Inzell	168.387
Sprint combination	160.060	23 February 1986	Karuizawa	161.120

Note that Enke's personal record on the 500 m was not a world record because Bonnie Blair skated 39.10 at the same tournament (the 1988 Winter Olympics). Enke's personal record on the 1000 m was not a world record either because (again at the same 1988 Winter Olympics) Christa Rothenburger skated 1:17.65 – 0.05 seconds faster.

References

1. Karin Enke-Kania. sports-reference.com
2. "Raadsel rondom Van Gennip en DDR-vrouwen opgelost" Sportweek, 3 January 2010.

External links

• Karin Enke at SkateResults.com
• Karin Enke at DESG (Deutsche Eisschnelllauf Gemeinschaft) (in German)