Kanda Shasti Kavasam

Kanda Shashti Kavacham or Skanda Sashti Kavasam (Tamil: கந்த சஷ்டி கவசம்) is a Hindu devotional song composed in Tamil by Devaraya Swamigal (born c. 1820), a student of Meenakshi Sundaram Pillai, on Lord Muruga, the son of Lord Shiva, in Chennimalai near Erode. Tamil contains many ancient hymns in praise of deities. Kanda Sashti Kavasam was composed in the 19th century.[1] The song has been composed in praise of the Lord, seeking to shower His grace.

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History

The hymn was composed in the 19th century by Balan Dhevaraya Swami.[2] The place where Balan Dhevaraya Swami staged the hymn is the Chennimalai Subramania Swamy Temple near Erode in Tamil Nadu.[3] The lines 'Chiragiri Velavan' in the hymn refers to the Lord of Chennimalai.[4]

Plan of the song

The song consists of a total of 244 lines, including four introductory lines known as "Kaappu," followed by a couple of meditational lines and the main song portion consisting of 238 lines known as the "Kavacham." The grammar employed in the introductory part is the Naerisai venba and that of the meditational part is the Kural venba, widely known to the Western world for its exclusive usage in the Tirukkural. The "Kavacham" part follows the grammar of Nilai Mandila Aasiriyappaa. The plan of the song is as follows:[1]

Introduction
Main Song
  • Lines 1-16 Author invites the Lord to the devotee
  • Lines 17-27 Mantras are used to invite the Lord presented to the devotee
  • Lines 28-32 Upon using mantras, the divine light and the presence of the Lord is felt
  • Lines 33-45 Author describes the way the Lord looks at the devotee
  • Lines 46-54 Author strings the sounds of the Lord's footsteps and anklets into mantras
  • Lines 55-56 Depicts the swiftness of the Lord in coming to the rescue of His devotee
  • Lines 57-58 Surrendering of the devotee to the Lord and the devotee's prayers unto Him
  • Lines 59-95 Praising the Lord, these lines concern with the protection of individual parts of the body
  • Lines 96-102 Concerns with the Lord's saving of His devotee in all times of the day
  • Lines 103-129 Concerns with eradication of vicious effects of demons and devils
  • Lines 130-140 Concerns with prayer to the God's Messenger to release the devotee from the vicious cycle of birth and death
  • Lines 141-148 Concerns with the protection from wild and venomous animals
  • Lines 149-157 Concerns with freedom from diseases
  • Lines 158-159 Prayer to maintain a cordial relationship with others
  • Lines 160-175 Praises the Lord by His various names and His divine deeds
  • Lines 176-177 Worshiping Goddess Saraswathi, the goddess of knowledge
  • Lines 178-186 Describes the divine power of the Sacred Ash (Vibuthi) and its effects
  • Lines 187-192 Praises the Lord
  • Lines 193-199 Seeks asylum in the Lord
  • Lines 200-208 Describes the procedures for reciting the song
  • Lines 209-214 Describes the divine effects of the song
  • Lines 215-219 Describes the effects of the song on evil elements
  • Lines 220-234 Praises the divine deeds of the Lord
  • Lines 235-238 Salutation and complete surrender of the self unto the Lord

The author's name is mentioned twice in the song, first in Line 64 and then in Line 201.[1]

Grammar employed in the song

The song employs Nilaimandila aasiriyappa, one of the poetic forms in the Tamil language. The armour and meditation parts of the Introduction section employ the Venpa metre and Kural venba metre, respectively.[1]

Nerisai Venpa (Prayer)
Tamil Version[5] English Translation

Thuthiporkku val vinai pom, Thunpam pom,
Nenjil pathiporkku selvam palithu kadithongum
Nishtayum kaikoodum
Nimalar Arul kanthar sashti kavacham thanai

The sufferings great and sorrow will vanish for those who pray,
The riches will increase for those who remember it in their mind,
All penance will surely bear fruit
By this Sashti Kavacham written by the grace of God.

Kural Venpa (Protection)
Tamil Version[5] English Translation
அமர ரிடர்தீர அமரம் புரிந்த குமரனடி நெஞ்சே குறி.

Amarar idartheera amaram purintha
Kumaranadi nenjeh kuri.

Mind, oh mine, meditate
On the feet of that Young God,
Who waged the war,
To end the problems of devas, great.

Music

The Kavasam has been set in music by various musicians over the years. The most notable of them all is that sung by the duo Rajalakshmi and Jayalakshmi, popularly known as the Soolamangalam Sisters. It is sung in ragamalika (a song composed in multiple ragas), including the ragas of Abheri, Shubhapantuvarali, Kalyani, Thodi, and Sindhu Bhairavi.[6]

Significance

Sashti is the day that Lord Muruga defeated the demon Soorapadman. When the devas could not tolerate the evil doings of this demon, they approached the younger son of Lord Shiva and Parvati for his assistance. He fought Soorapadman for six days, at the end of which the Lord vanquished the asura. He threw his weapon at him and split Soorapadman into two halves. One half became a peacock, which he took as his Vahana. The other became a rooster and was transformed into his banner.

The devas rejoiced—they praised the Lord and prayed to him for six days. Devotees usually narrate the Kanda Sashti Kavacham during this period. Whoever fasts and prays to Lord Muruga for the six days of Kanda Sashti is believed to receive Muruga's blessings. Those who are unable to fast all day can eat once a day or twice a day during this period depending on their health, age and will.

Devotees believe that regular chanting of this song causes the predicaments of life to be resolved and that chanting the full song 36 times a day brings wealth.

Attack by antitheists

In July 2020, a video made and uploaded on YouTube by Karuppar Kootam (literally "black group"), a Periyarist-Dravidian group, ridiculed the centuries-old hymn by allegedly giving vulgar and offensive interpretation, irking Hindus across the globe.[3] Soon after the incident, the Tamil Nadu Police arrested two belonging to the YouTube channel.[7][8]

gollark: You can probably get the HDD out and read off the data.
gollark: Well, you don't need to wipe their files.
gollark: Assuming this is actually a BIOS prompt.
gollark: If even that fails, you could open it and probably find some wipe-BIOS jumper.
gollark: ` `

See also

References
  1. Alagesan, Serndanur Ramanathan (2013). Skanda Shasti Kavacham (in Tamil and English) (4th ed.). Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu: Nightingale. p. 136. ISBN 978-93-80541-08-2.
  2. Krishnan, Valaiyappetai R. (31 October 2016). "சஷ்டி கவசம் பிறந்த கதையை தெரிஞ்சுக்கோங்க! [Know the story of Kanda Shasti Kavasam]". Vikatan.com. Vikatan Publications. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  3. "Kanda Sashti Kavacham controversy: TN police tells YouTube to block channel". The Federal. Chennai: TheFederal.com. 20 July 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  4. "சென்னிமலையின் திகட்டாத தேனமுதன் கட்டுரை [The uncloying essay of Chennaimalai]", Kumudham Jodhidam, 28 March 2008CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  5. Shashti Kavasam in English. murugan.org
  6. "Music: Profiles of Artistes, Composers, Musicologists". saigan.com. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  7. Soundararaj, Sivaranjani (17 July 2020). "Kanda Sashti Kavasam controversy Surendran surrenders in Pondicherry police Station". News Bricks. Puducherry: NewsBricks.com. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  8. "Kandha Shashti Kavasam controversy: Surendran surrenders at Puducherry police station". DT Next. Puducherry: Daily Thanthi. 16 July 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
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