Kambu Swayambhuva

Kambu Swayambhuva was an ancestor of the Indian Kambuja tribe and king of Aryadesa.[1] He is listed and praised in shloka 22 of the Vedic Ekatmata Stotra hymn among Hindu sages, warriors and conquerors alongside Agastya, Narasimhavarman I, Rajendra Chola I, Ashoka, Pushyamitra Shunga and others.[2]

"Kambu" redirects here. For other uses, see Kambu (disambiguation).

History
Vedic period of India with the Kambojas tribal lands in the north-west

Scholar George Coedes refers to a 10th century inscription of a Cambodian dynastic legend in which the hermit Kambu Swayambhuva and the celestial nymph Mera unite and establish the Cambodian Solar royal dynasty (Kambu-Mera), that begins with the Chenla ruler Srutavarman and his son Sreshthavarman. However, this tale differs from the Kaundinya-Nagi Somā legend, another popular Khmer creation myth. Coedes suggests that the Kambu Swayambhuva legend has its origins in southern India, as a version of the Kanchi Pallava dynasty creation myth.[3][4]

Claimed to be the eponym of the Kambojas, Kambu Swayambhuva is characterized as a Brahminised Kshatriya chieftain, married to Mera, who was given to him by Shiva.[5]

The name Kambu is stated to be a corruption of the standard Sanskrit Kamboja.[6] Scholars such as C. Lassen, S. Levi, Michael Witzel, J. Charpentier, A. Hoffman, A. B. Keith, A. A. Macdonell, H. W. Bailey and many others have traced the ethnic name Kamboja in the royal name Kambujiya[lower-alpha 1] in the Old Persian Inscriptions (Cambyses/Kambuses of the Greeks.[7] Parskar Gryhamsutram spells the usual Kamboja as Kambuja.[8] The Markandeya Purana (8.1-6) as well as in Srimad Devi Bhagawatam (5.28.1-12) etc. refers to the Kambojas as Kambu clan. King Ashoka's Rock Edicts V & XIII located at Peshawar write Kamboj as Kamboy or Kambo. According to J. W. McCrindle, Kamboja (=Afghanistan) is Kaofu (Kambu) of Xuanzang.[9] The Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra of Buddhism uses the word Kieufieu (i.e. Kaofu of Xuanzang) for the Kamboja. The reference Kieufieu of the Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra stands translated variously as Kampoce, Kampochih and Kampotse etc. in the Tibetan religious texts.

Numerous Muslim writings of medieval era spell the Kamboj clan name as Kambu as well as Kambo. Obviously, these Kambu/Kambo terms are the corrupted forms of Kambuj/Kamboj and relate to the Kamboja of ancient Sanskrit and Pali texts and Inscriptions. This Sanskrit Kamboja appears as K.b.u.ji.i.y, Kabujiya or perhaps Kabaujiya/Kaboujiya and Kambujiya or perhaps Kambaujiya ( OR with -n- in place of -m- as Kanbujiya or Kanbaujiya) of Old Persian inscriptions, and Cambyses of Greek writings. The same name appears as C-n-b-n-z-y in Aramaic, Kambuzia in Assyrian, Kambythet in Egyptian, Kam-bu-zi-ya or Ka-am-bu-zi-ya in Akkadian, Kan-bu-zi-ia or Kan-bu-si-ya in Elamite, and Kanpuziya in the Susan language (cf: Ancient Kamboja in Iran and Islam, p 69, Dr H. W. Bailey).

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See also
  • List of kings of Cambodia
  • Rishi

Notes
Footnotes
  1. Kambujiy-a (Cambyses), Kambujiy-ahya (Cambysis), Kambujiy-am (Cambysem), Kabujiy-a (Cambyse) is the true vernacular orthography of the name written Cambyses by the Greeks.

References
  1. Sailendra Nath Sen. "Ancient Indian History and Civilization". Google Books. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  2. "Ekaatmataa Stotra" (PDF). HSS Canada. Retrieved January 15, 2018.
  3. George Coedès. "The Indianized States of South-East Asia". Google Books. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  4. Miriam T. Stark (2006). "9 Textualized Places, Pre-Angkorian Khmers and Historicized Archaeology by Miriam T. Stark - Cambodia's Origins and the Khok Thlok Story" (PDF). University of Hawaii. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 23, 2015. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  5. Indianised States of Southeast Asia, 1968, p 66, 47, George Coedes
  6. Ancient Kamboja, People and the Country, 1981, pp 359-60, Dr J. L. Kamboj.
  7. Early East Iran and Atharvaveda, Persica, 1980, pp 114-15, ffn 81, Dr Michael Witzel).
  8. Parskar Gryhamsutram 2.1.23
  9. Alexander's Invasion, p 38; See also Some Kshatriya Tribes of Ancient India, p 235, Dr B. C. Law
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