Kadın (title)

Kadın (Ottoman Turkish: قادین‎) was the title given to the imperial consort of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire towards the end of the 16th century,[1] and the beginning of the 17th century.[2][3][4][5] The Sultan could have up to four and some times five and eight women[6] i.e. consort with the imperial rank of Kadın and unlimited number of Ikbals. The title was a replacement of the early titles, Hatun and Sultan (including Haseki Sultan).[7] When the Ottoman Empire was abolished on 1 November 1922 and Abdulmejid II proclaimed himself as caliph, his consorts kept the title kadınefendi. Kadinefendi was roughly equivalent to the title princess. This title was given to the main wives of the Sultan. The Ottoman dynasty had three titles for imperial ladies. Valide Sultan , the queen , Kadinefendi , the princess and Hanimefendi the favorite.

Ranks and styles

The women were ranked and styled as:[8]

  • Başkadın, Başkadınefendi or Devletlu İsmetlu (given name) Başkadınefendi Hazretleri — chief lady;
  • İkinci Kadın, İkinci Kadınefendi or Devletlu İsmetlu (given name) İkinci Kadınefendi Hazretleri — second lady;
  • Üçüncü Kadın, Üçüncü Kadınefendi or Devletlu İsmetlu (given name) Üçüncü Kadınefendi Hazretleri — third lady;
  • Dördüncü Kadın, Dördüncü Kadınefendi or Devletlu İsmetlu (given name) Dördüncü Kadınefendi Hazretleri — fourth lady;
  • Beşinci Kadın, Beşinci Kadınefendi or Devletlu İsmetlu (given name) Beşinci Kadınefendi Hazretleri — fifth lady;
  • Altıncı Kadın, Altıncı Kadınefendi or Devletlu İsmetlu (given name) Altıncı Kadınefendi Hazretleri — sixth lady;
  • Yedinci Kadın, Yedinci Kadınefendi or Devletlu İsmetlu (given name) Yedinci Kadınefendi Hazretleri — seventh lady;
  • Sekizinci Kadın, Sekizinci Kadınefendi or Devletlu İsmetlu (given name) Sekizinci Kadınefendi Hazretleri — eighth lady.

List of Başkadın

List of chief ladies (başkadın) of the Ottoman sultans.

Name Maiden Name and Origin Became Başkadın Ceased to be Başkadın Death Spouse
Emetullah Banu 1703 20 September 1730
husband's abdication		 1732 Ahmed III
Hace Alicenab 20 September 1730
husband's ascension		 13 December 1754
husband's death		 1775 Mahmud I
Leyla 13 December 1754
husband's ascension		 30 October 1757
husband's death		 1794 Osman III
Aynülhayat 30 October 1757
husband's ascension		 21 July 1764 Mustafa III
Mihrişah Agnes. Georgian 21 July 1764
fellow consort's death		 21 January 1774
husband's death		 16 October 1805
Ayşe 21 January 1774
husband's ascension		 1775 Abdul Hamid I
Hümaşah 1775
fellow consort's death		 1778
Haciye Hatice Ruhşah
حاجیہ خدیجہ رخشاہ		 1778
fellow consort's death		 7 April 1789
husband's death		 1807
Nâfîze 7 April 1789
husband's ascension		 30 May 1792 Selim III
Hüsnimah 30 May 1792
fellow consort's death		 29 May 1807
husband's deposition		 1814
Şevrinur 29 May 1807
husband's ascension		 28 July 1808
husband's deposition		 1812 Mustafa IV
Alicenab 28 July 1808
husband's ascension		 February 1809 Mahmud II
Kamarfer February 1809
fellow consort's death		 1823
Haciye Pertevpiyale Nevifidan 1823
fellow consort's death		 1 July 1839
husband's death		 25 December 1855
Servetsezâ Daughter of Mansur of Temruko 2 July 1839
husband's ascension		 25 June 1861
husband's death		 22 September 1879 Abdulmejid I
Dürrünev Melek Dziapş-İpa. Abkhaz-Georgian family.
Daughter of Mahmud Bey Dziapş-lpa		 25 June 1861
husband's ascension		 30 May 1876
husband's deposition		 4 December 1895 Abdülaziz
Mevhibe Mevhibe Tarkanişvili. Daughter of a Georgian noble,
Ahmed Bey Tarkanişvili		 30 May 1876
husband's ascension		 31 August 1876
husband's deposition		 21 February 1936 Murad V
Nazikeda
نازک ادا		 Abkhazian princely family Tsanba.
Daughter of Arzakan Bey Tsanba and Esma Hanım Klıç		 3 August 1876
husband's ascension		 7 February 1895 Abdul Hamid II
Bedrifelek
بدر فلك		 Karzeg dynasty. Daughter of Mehmed Bey Karzeg
and Faruhan Hanım İnal-lpa		 11 April 1895
husband's ascension		 21 January 1909
husband's deposition		 6 February 1930
Kamures Ubykh Bey 27 April 1909
husband's ascension		 3 July 1918
husband's deposition		 30 April 1921 Mehmed V
Nazikeda
نازك ادا		 Emine Marshan. Member of Abkhazian-Georgian princely family Marshania.
Daughter of Hassan Bey Marshania (1836-1877) and Fatma Horecan Hanım Aredba		 3 July 1918
husband's ascension		 1 November 1922
husband's deposition and empire abolished		 4 April 1941 Mehmed VI
Şehsuvar Ubykh clan of Circassia 19 November 1922
husband's proclaimed as caliph		 3 March 1924
husband's deposition and caliphate abolished		 1945 Abdulmejid II
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See also

References
  1. Peirce 1994, p. 312 n. 73.
  2. Peirce 1994, p. 18.
  3. Kadın efendiler: 1839-1924, by Harun Açba
  4. Öztuna, Yilmaz, "Deletler ve Hanedanler", Vol: 2, Ministry of Culture Publications, London (1996), s.924
  5. Saray hatıralarım, by Safiye Ünüvar
  6. Fanny Davis (1986). The Ottoman Lady: A Social History from 1718 to 1918. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-24811-5.
  7. Kadın efendiler: 1839-1924
  8. The Concubine, the Princess, and the Teacher: Voices from the Ottoman Harem. University of Texas Press. 2010. ISBN 978-0-292-78335-5.
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